¥È¥Ã¥× º¹Ê¬ °ìÍ÷ ¥½¡¼¥¹ ¸¡º÷ ¥Ø¥ë¥× PDF RSS ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É¤Î¸ÅÂåÅÅÃÓ

µì¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò»²¾È¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É¤Î¸ÅÂåÅÅÃӡʵì¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¡Ë

»ä¡Ê¤Ê¤¬¤Ô¤¤¡Ë¤Ï¹Í¸Å³Ø¤òÀìÌç¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î·ï¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¥Î¡¼¥¿¥Ã¥Á¤Î¤Ä¤â¤ê¤À¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢¥¯¥ì¡¼¥à¤¬Í褿¤Î¤Ç¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤¿¡£¡Ê¤³¤Î¹àÌܤòºî¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï»ä¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¥¯¥ì¡¼¥à¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤­¤¿¿Íʪ¤âÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢ËÜÍ褳¤ì¤Ï¶Ú°ã¤¤¤ÊÏäǤ¢¤ë¡Ë


º£¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¡Ö¸«¤¿Ìܤ¬ÅÅÃÓ¤À¤«¤éÅÅÃӡפȤ¤¤¦¤Î¤ÏûÍíŪ¤ÊȯÁۤǤ¢¤ê¡¢ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¾Úµò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤʤ±¤ê¤ã¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤Ê¤ó¤Ê¤ó¤À¡©¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ì䤤¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢»ä¡Ê¤Ê¤¬¤Ô¤¤¡Ë¤ÏÅú¤¨¤ë¤Ä¤â¤ê¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢»ä¤Ï¹Í¸Å³Ø¼Ô¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

»ä¤¬¡ÖÅÅÃÓ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ë¤è¤ë¡£

  1. ¡Ö¸«¤¿Ìܤ¬ÅÅÃÓ¤À¤«¤éÅÅÃӡפȤ¤¤¦¤Î¤ÏûÍíŪ¤ÊȯÁÛ¡£¡Ê¼Â¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤Û¤ÉÅÅÃӤΤ褦¤Ë¤Ï¸«¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡Ë
  2. ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ»È¤Ã¤¿·ÁÀפ¬¤Ê¤¤¡£¤½¤â¤½¤â¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¡ÊÅŵ¤¥³¡¼¥É¡Ë¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
  3. ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤ÏÄ㤤¡ÊÅ۵0.5V¡¢ÅÅήÌó1mAÄøÅÙ¡Ë¡£Î¾¶Ë¤ËÀå¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤â¤¿¤¤¤·¤Æ¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
  4. ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤ò¹Íθ¤·¤¿¹½Â¤¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤âÅŵ¤¤Î¸¶Íý¤ò¤è¤¯Íý²ò¤·¤¿¿Í¤¬ºî¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¸«¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
  5. ÊÂÎó¡¢Ä¾Îó¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤ÇÅÅή¡¦Å۵¤ò¸þ¾å¤µ¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿·ÁÀפ¬¤Ê¤¤¡£ÅŶËÌÌÀѤò¹­¤²¤ëÅØÎϤ⤷¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
  6. »ÀÁǤ¬É¬ÍפÊÈ¿±þ¤Ê¤Î¤Ë¡¢³«Êü·Ï¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
  7. Å´¤Î¿Ä¤ÈƼ¤ÎÅû¤¬Î¾Êý¤È¤âÄÛ¤ÎÃæ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦Êó¹ð¤Ï¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
  8. Å´¤Î¿Ä¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤òÅÅÃӤȤߤʤµ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤Íýͳ¤ÏÆÃ¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ö»ÈÍÑ»þ¤Î¤ß¤ËÅ´¤Î¿Ä¤òÆþ¤ì¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦À⤬¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¡Ö»ÈÍÑ»þ¤Î¤ß¤ËÅŲò¼ÁÍϱդòÆþ¤ì¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤¤¡×¤ÈÈ¿Çý¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
  9. ¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¤Î¡ÖÅÅÃӡפˤĤ¤¤Æ¤â¡¢È¯¸«»þ¤ËξÅŶˤ¬¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦¹½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ê¥Ä¥Ü¤Î³°¤Ëξ¶Ë¤¬¤Á¤ã¤ó¤ÈϪ½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡©¡Ë
  10. 70ǯ°Ê¾åÁ°¤Îʸ¸¥¤Î¤ß¤òº¬µò¤Ë¤¢¤ì¤³¤ìµÄÏÀ¤·¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¡¢½êÁ§¡Ö³¨¤ËÉÁ¤¤¤¿Ìߡס£¤Á¤ã¤ó¤Èȯ·¡Ä´ºº¤·¤¿¤é¤É¤¦¤À¤í¤¦¡©
  11. ¸½ºß¤É¤³¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¤â¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢ºÇ¶á¸½Êª¤ò¤­¤Á¤ó¤È¸¡¾Ú¤·¤¿¿Í¤Ï¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤À¡£

ÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ë¹ÎÄêŪ¤Ê¡Ê°ìÄê¤ÎÍý²ò¤ò¼¨¤¹¡Ë¥µ¥¤¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò»²¾È¡£

¡ÊÃí¡Ë¡¡¤Ê¤ª¡¢¤³¤ÎÊä­¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ëºÇÃæ¤Ë¡ÖĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý¤ÎÆæ²ò¤­¡×¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É¤ÎÅÅÃӡסʵ­»ö¸ø³«Æü¡§2013ǯ6·î7Æü¡Ë¤¬¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤½¤Á¤é¤â»²¾È¡£

¤³¤ÎÊ䭤ǽ¸¤á¤¿¾ðÊó¤ÏÂçºåÂç³Ø´ðÁù©³ØÉôProblem Based Learning¤Î¼ø¶È¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£°Ê²¼¤¬³ØÀ¸¤Î¤Þ¤È¤á¤¿¥Ñ¥ï¡¼¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¡Ê°ìÉô½¤Àµ¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡Ë

ÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ë¹ÎÄêŪ¤ÊÏÀʸ

½ÕÅÄÀ²Ïº»á¤¬¥Ö¥í¥°¤Ç¡ØJournal of Near Eastern Studies¤È¤¤¤¦»¨»ï¤Î¸¢°Ò¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë¹â¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤½¤³¤ËºÜ¤Ã¤¿Keiser¤Î¸«²ò¤¬°ìÈֽŤ­¤òÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡Ù¤È½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤ª¤½¤é¤¯°Ê²¼¤Îʸ¸¥¡£

¢­¤³¤Á¤é¤ÇÆÉ¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¤³¤Îʸ¸¥¤ÏÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ë¹ÎÄêŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢Åŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦Àâ¤Ë¤ÏÈÝÄêŪ¡£ÄÃÄËÅù¤Î°åÎÅÌÜŪ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©¤È¤¤¤¦²¾Àâ¤òΩ¤Æ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¢­¤³¤Á¤é¤Ç¤â¡¢Keyser¤Îʸ¸¥¤òʸ»ú¤ª¤³¤·¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤òÆÉ¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤À¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¡ÖParthian Battery (Reconstruction)¡×¤È½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤Î¥«¥é¡¼¼Ì¿¿¤È¡ÖFig. 4. Cross section of Parthian Battery¡×¤Ï¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤ÏºÜ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¡Ö»¨»ï¤Î¸¢°Ò¤¬Èó¾ï¤Ë¹â¤¤¡×¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤³¤Ë·ÇºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÏÀʸ¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÀµ¤·¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦Êݾã¤Ï¤É¤³¤Ë¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ê³Ø½Ñ»ï¤Î¡Ö¸¢°Ò¡×¤ÈÏÀʸ¤Î¼Á¤Î¤¢¤¤¤À¤ËÁê´Ø¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤¬¡Ë

ÅÅÃÓÀâ¤ËÈÝÄêŪ¤ÊÏÀʸ

½ÕÆü»á¤¬¡ØÅÅÃÓÀâ¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¸¦µæ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Paszthory¤ÎÏÀʸ¤¬ºÇ¤â¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤êÍ£°ì¡¢½ÅÍס٤Ȥ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Îʸ¸¥¤Î¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¤³¤Á¤é¤ÏÅÅÃÓÀâ¤ËÈÝÄêŪ¤Êʸ¸¥¡£¡Ö¼öʸÍÑÍÆ´ï¡×Àâ¤Ï¤³¤Á¤é¤«¤éÍè¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£°Ê²¼¤ÎËܤ˷Ǻܤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥¢¥Þ¥¾¥ó¤«¤é¹ØÆþ²Äǽ¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¼ç¤Ë¤³¤ì¤é£²¤Ä¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò¤â¤È¤Ë¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¡£¡Ê¤Û¤«¤Ë¤¢¤Þ¤êʸ¸¥¤ò¤ß¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡Ä¡Ë¡¡¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¤³¤ì¤À¤±¤À¤È¾ðÊóÎ̤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢»ä¤Î¹Í»¡¤¬´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¡£Ê¸¸¥Åù¤Î¾ðÊ󤬤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¸æ¶µ¼ø´ê¤¤¤¿¤¤¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÀ­Ç½

ÅÅÃÓ¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¼«ÂΤÏÈó¾ï¤Ë´Êñ¤Ç¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¡Ö¤¯¤À¤â¤ÎÅÅÃӡסʲ½³Ø¼Â¸³ ¤È ¥Ê¥Á¥å¥é¥ë¥Á¡¼¥ººî¤ê¡ÊÃæß·¹î¹Ô¡Ë¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ú¡¼¥¸¡Ë¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë²Ìʪ¤ä²Ì½Á¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ´Êñ¤Ë¤Ç¤­¡¢¥¢¥Þ¥¾¥ó¤Ç¡Ö¥ì¥â¥óÅÅÃӼ¸³¥»¥Ã¥È¡×¤ò¹ØÆþ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¡ÖÅö»þ¤ÎʸÌÀ¤Î²Ã¹©µ»½Ñ¤äÃθ«¤Ç¤ÏÀ½Â¤¤¬º¤Æñ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤ÊʪÉʡפȤ¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¥ª¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥Ä¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ù¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ÏÈù̯¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

Ƽ¤ÈÅ´¤Îɸ½àÅŶËÅṲ̋ϡ¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì0.340V¤È-0.440V¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤε¯ÅÅÎϤÎÍýÏÀÃͤÏ0.78V¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£¡ÊPaszthory¤Ï+0.354V¤È-0.44V¤Ç0.79V¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë¡¡¤·¤«¤·¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï²áÅ۵(Åŵ¤²½³ØÅªÊ¬¶Ë)¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÍýÏÀÃͤË㤹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£Keyser¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤Ç¤Ï0.5VÄøÅÙ¤ÎÅ۵¤Ç¡¢ÅÅήÃͤϿômAÄøÅ٤ˤʤë¤ÈÊó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ê¼ÂºÝ¤ËƼ¤ÈÅ´¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÅÅÃÓ¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È¡¢0.5V¡¢£±mAÄøÅ٤Ǥ¢¤Ã¤¿¡Ë¡¡

Keyser¼«¿È¤Î¼Â¸³¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢10¡ó¿©±ö¿å¤òÅŲò¼Á¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢Å´¡Ê±¢¶Ë¡Ë¤¬¤¹¤°¤ËÉå¿©¤·¤¿¤¿¤á¡¢Å۵¤Ï1ʬ¼å¤Ç0.4V¤ËÍî¤Á¤¿¡£ÂÎÀÑÈæ10¡ó¤Îβ»ÀƼÍϱդǤϡ¢Å´¡Ê±¢¶Ë¡Ë¤ËƼ¤¬ÀϽФ¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¡¢¿ô»þ´Ö0.45V¤ÎÅ۵¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¡£ºñ¤ê¤¿¤Æ¤Î¥°¥ì¡¼¥×¥Õ¥ë¡¼¥Ä¤Î²Ì½Á¤ä¿Ý»ÀÍϱաÊɹ¿Ý»À¤òÂÎÀÑÈæ25¡ó¡¢36¡ó¡¢50¡ó¤Ë´õ¼á¡Ë¤Ç¤Ï0.49V¤Ç¡¢Ê¬¶Ë¤ÏÃÙ¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

Paszthory¤ÏºÇ½é0.5V¤Ç¤¹¤°¤Ë0.1¡Á0.2V¤ËÍî¤Á¤¿¤ÈÊó¹ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÈà¤ÎÀ½ºî¤·¤¿¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¡ÊÅŲò¿åÍϱդϡ¢10¡ó¤Î¿©±ö¤Ë5¡ó¤Î¿Ý»À¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¥¯¥¨¥ó»À¤ò²Ã¤¨¤¿¤â¤Î¤À¤Ã¤¿¡Ë¤¬ÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤Ë»ÀÁǤòɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ÅŲò¼ÁÃæ¤ÎÍϸ»ÀÁǤ¬ÉÔ­¤¹¤ë¤Èµ¯ÅÅÎϤ¬Íî¤Á¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤ÇƼ¤ÎÅû¤ò´°Á´¤ËÌ©ÊĤ·¤Æ³°Éô¤«¤é¤Î»ÀÁǶ¡µë¤òÃǤĤȵ¡Ç½¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤À¡£¡Ê¤³¤Î·ï¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¸å½Ò¤ò»²¾È¡Ë

BBC NEWS¤Î¡ÖRiddle of 'Baghdad's batteries'¡×¡ÊThursday, 27 February, 2003, 13:48 GMT¡Ë¤Ç¤Ï¡ÖReplicas can produce voltages from 0.8 to nearly two volts¡×¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢£²¥Ü¥ë¥È¤È¤¤¤¦Å۵¤Ï¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓñÆÈ¤Ç¤ÏÍýÏÀŪ¤ËÉÔ²Äǽ¤ÊÃͤǤ¢¤ë¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Ê¸¸¥¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÅÅÃÓ1¸Ä¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÈľÎó¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«·Ò¤¤¤À¾ì¹ç¤ò¶èÊ̤»¤º¤Ëµ­½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ãí°Õ¤¬É¬Íס£

ÅÅήÃͤÏÅŶËÌÌÀѤäÅŲò¼Á¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤˤɤó¤Ê±ÕÂΤ¬Æþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡¢¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Ê¬ÀϤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ²±Â¬¤Î°è¤ò½Ð¤Ê¤¤¡£

¸½ºß»ÔÈΤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëñ£±¡¢Ã±£³¤Ê¤É¤Î´¥ÅÅÃӤϡ¢Å۵¤Ï1.5VÄøÅÙ¡¢ÍÆÎ̤Ï2000¡Á17000mAh¤â¤¢¤ë¡£¡Ê¥Æ¥¹¥¿¡¼¤Ç¬¤ë¤È¡¢ºÇÂç300mA¤ÎÌÜÀ¹¤ê¤ò¿¶¤êÀÚ¤ë¤Û¤ÉÅÅή¤¬Î®¤ì¤ë¡Ë¡¡¤³¤ì¤è¤êÀ­Ç½¤ÎÎô¤ë¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ£±¸Ä¤Ç¤Ï¤¿¤¤¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤²¤Ð¡¢ÍÑÅӤ⹭¤¬¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¸ÅÂå¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã¿Í¤¬¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·Ò¤®Êý¤Þ¤Çȯ¸«¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ÏÄ꤫¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£º£¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤°¤¿¤á¤ÎÅÅÆ³¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤â¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤À¡£¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âľÎóÅÅÃÓ¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£ÅŲò±Õ¤òÀ÷¤ß¹þ¤Þ¤»¤¿¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò¶´¤ó¤Ç¡¢2¼ïÎà¤Î¶â°¤ò¸ò¸ß¤ËÀѤ߾夲¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤¤¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤϤ½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹½Â¤¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

¡Ê¼Õ¼­¡§ÅŶËÅṲ̋˴ؤ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢£Õ£Æ£Ï¶µ¼ø»á¤Ë¸æ½õ¸À¤ò夤¤¿¡£¡Ë

»ÀÁǤ¬É¬ÍפÀ¤Ã¤¿

¾å½Ò¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Paszthory¤Î¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤ÏÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤Ë»ÀÁǤòɬÍפȤ·¤¿¤¿¤á¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤ò¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤ÇÌ©Éõ¤·¤ÆÂ絤¤«¤é¤Î»ÀÁǶ¡µë¤òÀä¤Ä¤È¡¢¤¹¤°¤Ëµ¡Ç½¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤ò»ý¤Ã¤ÆÂ¿¤¯¤Îʸ¸¥¤¬ÅÅÃÓÀâ¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÈ¿¾Ú¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¡Ö¿·¡¦¥È¥ó¥Ç¥âĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý56¤Î¿¿Áê¡×¡Ê³§¿ÀζÂÀϺ¡¢»Ö¿å°ìÉס¢²ÃÌçÀµ°ì¡¢ÂÀÅĽÐÈÇ¡¢2001/07¡Ë¤Î¡Ö2000ǯÁ°¤Î¥Ð¥°¥À¡¼¥É¤ÇÅÅÃÓ¤¬ºî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿!?¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¹àÌܤˤâ°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£

¤À¤¬¥­¥Î¥ó¤äÉòƺ¥¸¥å¡¼¥¹¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Å·Á³Êª¤Î»À¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¼ÂÍѤȤ·¤Æ»È¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ÅÅή¤¬¼å¤¹¤®¤¿¡£ÅÅÃӤˤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ìµµ¡Êª¤Î»À²½Êª¤Î±ÕÂΤ¬Ãæ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¹â¤¤¤Î¤À¤¬¡¢¤â¤·¤½¤¦¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢º£Å٤ϡ¢Ãæ¤ËΩ¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤ò¸ÇÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤Î¾åÌ̤ò¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤Ç¤·¤Ã¤«¤ê¤Èʤ¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¡¢ÌäÂê¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¡¡¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢È¯¸«»þ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤Ç³¸¤ò¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢»À²½¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʳ°Éô¤Î»ÀÁǤζ¡µë¤¬ÅÓÀ䤨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¡¢±ÕÂÎÆâÉô¤ËÍϤ±¤Æ¤¤¤ë»ÀÁǤò»È¤¤Àڤ俤顢ȿ±þ¤Ï¤¹¤°¤Ë»ß¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç ¤¢¤ë¡£

¤³¤Î¹àÌܤǤϰʲ¼¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤òÆÉ¤à¤È¾å¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¸íÌõ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

  • ¡ÖThe enigmatic 'battery of Baghdad'¡×¡¡Gerhard Eggert, Skeptical Inquirer, May/June, 1996, 31-34

¤Þ¤º¡¢¤³¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤Ï¡Östrong mineral acids¡×¡Ê¶¯¤¤Ìµµ¡»À¡Ë¤Ï¡Öunknown at that time¡×(Åö»þÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿)¤È¤¢¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢Table 1¤ò¸«¤Æ¤â¤ï¤«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë̵µ¡»À¤òÅŲò¼Á¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÍ۶ˤǤϿåÁÇ¥¤¥ª¥ó¤¬´Ô¸µ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¿åÁǤ¬È¯À¸¤·¡¢¤³¤ÎÈ¿±þ¤Ï»ÀÁǤòɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£µÕ¤Ë¡¢»ÀÁǤòɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢Åö»þ¤âÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿Å·Á³¤ÎÍ­µ¡»À¤ä»ÀÌ£¤Î¤¢¤ë²Ì½Á¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¼å¤¹¤®¤Æ¿åÁǤÏȯÀ¸¤»¤º¡¢Âå¤ï¤ê¤ËÍ۶ˤǤϻÀÁǤȿ夬ȿ±þ¤·¤Æ¿å»À²½Êª¥¤¥ª¥ó¡ÊOH-¡Ë¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¡£¡Ê±¢¶Ë¤Ç¤ÏÅ´¤¬¥¤¥ª¥ó²½¤·¤ÆÍϽСˤĤޤꡢÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤Ç»ÀÁǤ¬¾ÃÈñ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¸å½Ò¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï»ÀÁǾÃÈñ·¿¤Î¶â°Éå¿©¤ÈƱÍͤʵ¡¹½¤Çµ¯¤³¤ë¡£¡ÊPaszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ç¤Ï¡¢reduction of oxygen¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤Î¤Ïanode¤À¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ïcathode¤Î´Ö°ã¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡Ë

¤Þ¤¿¡¢Î²»ÀƼ¿åÍϱդò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÍÛ¶Ë¤Ç¤ÏÆ¼¥¤¥ª¥ó¤«¤éƼ¤¬À¸À®¤¹¤ëÈ¿±þ¡ÊCu(2+)+2e¢ªCu¡Ë¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢»ÀÁǤÏɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢±¢¶Ë¤Ç¤âƼ¤¬ÀϽФ¹¤ë¡ÊFe+Cu(2+)¢ªFe(2+)+Cu¡Ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤¬Á˳²¤µ¤ì¤ÆÅÅÃÓ¤ÏÎô²½¤¹¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¹ÃÃîÎà¤ä¥à¥«¥Ç¤«¤éºÎ¼è¤·¤¿p-¥Ù¥ó¥¾¥­¥Î¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤â¡¢¿åÁÇ¥¤¥ª¥ó¤ÈÈ¿±þ¤·¤Æp-¥Ò¥É¥í¥­¥Î¥ó¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢»ÀÁǤòɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ê¥Ù¥ó¥¾¥­¥Î¥ó¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ó¤Ê¤Ë¿å¤ËÍϤ±¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ê¡©¡Ë

¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢Â¿¤¯¤ÎÎà»÷°äʪ¤ÎƼ¡Ê¥Ö¥í¥ó¥º¡Ë¤ÎÅû¤Ï´°Á´¤ËÌ©ÊĤµ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢ÇöÈĤò´¬¤¤¤ÆÎ¾Ã¼¤òºÉ¤¤¤À¤À¤±¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¹½Â¤¤À¤È¡¢Åû¤Ï±ÕÂΤòÌ©ÊĤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤º¡¢ÍÆ´ïÆâÉôÁ´ÂΤ˱ÕÂΤ¬¹­¤¬¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¡Ê¿¤¯¤Î¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤âƼ¤ÎÅûÆâÉô¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢ÄÛ¤ÎÆâÉôÁ´ÂΤ˱ÕÂΤ¬¹­¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë¡¡»ÀÁǤÏ¿¹¦¼Á¤ÎÁǾƤ­¤ÎÄÛ¤òÆ©²á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢É¬¤º¤·¤âÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤ÎÅÀ¤Î¤ß¤Ç¤ÏÅÅÃÓÀâ¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢»ÀÁǤ¬Æ©²á¤¹¤ë¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢ÁǾƤ­¤ÎÔä¤Ï¶õµ¤¤Î³È»¶¤òÁ˳²¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤¤¤¤¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£ÁǾƤ­¤ÎÔä¤ËξÅŶˤòÆþ¤ì¥Ó¥Á¥å¥á¥ó¤ÇÉõ¤ò¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¤É¤ÎÄøÅÙÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¸·Ì©¤Ë¸¡¾Ú¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢»ÀÁǤòɬÍפȤ¹¤ëÈ¿±þ¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢Ê¿¤¿¤¤ËߤÎÃæ¤ËÅŲò¼Á¤òÆþ¤ì¡¢¤½¤Î±ÕÌ̶᤯¤ËƼÀþ¤Çºî¤Ã¤¿¥á¥Ã¥·¥å¾õ¤ÎÅŶˤòÉÕ¤±¤¿¤Û¤¦¤¬¡¢ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ¤ÏÎɤ¤¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢Eggert»á¤Ï½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

°Ê¾å¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤ÏÊ£»¨¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢±ÕÂΤ¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢¤½¤Î±ÕÂΤ¬¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤«¤òÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬¿Ü¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¡Ê¼Õ¼­¡§¤³¤Î·ï¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢³§¿ÀζÂÀϺ»á¤«¤é¸æ½õ¸À¤ò夤¤¿¡£¡Ë

Éå¿©¤Î¤¢¤È

BBC¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Îµ­»ö¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£

ÍÆ´ï¤Ë¤ÏÉå¿©¤Îº¯Àפ¬¤¢¤ê¡¢½é´ü¤Î»î¸³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¿Ý¤ä¥ï¥¤¥ó¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢»ÀŪ¤ÊÍ×°ø¤Î¸ºß¤¬ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»î¸³¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿¤«¡¢½Ðŵ¤âÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£Keyser¤ÈPaszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ç¤â¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»î¸³¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£Keyser¤Ï¡¢ÅŲò¼Á¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡ØÍÍ¡¹¤Ê²òÀâ¼Ô¤¬ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê²ÄǽÀ­¤òÄ󰯤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ù¤È½Ò¤Ù¡¢¼«¿È¤â¿©±ö¿å¤äβ»ÀƼ¿åÍϱդȤ¤¤Ã¤¿»À°Ê³°¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¼Â¸³¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¥Ù¥ó¥¾¥­¥Î¥ó¤â»À¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢»À¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿¼Â¸³¤ò¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢»À¤Î¸ºß¤ò³Î¤«¤á¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¼Â¸³¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤«¡¢Î¾Ê¸¸¥¤òÆÉ¤ó¤À¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï΢ÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢Éå¿©¤Îº¯ÀפˤĤ¤¤Æ¡¢¡Ö²ûµ¿ÏÀ¼Ô¤Îµ§¤ê¡×¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¡Ø¥Ý¥Ã¥È¤ÎÄì¡Ù¤Ë¡ØÉå¿©¤Îº¯ÀסʡֱÕÂΤ¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿º¯¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤ÏÉÔÀµ³Î¡Ë¡Ù¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¡ØÈóÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ç¡¢Äì¤Ë¤¢¤ëÉå¿©¤òÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤­¤ë¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ê²¾Àâ¤Ï¾¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¡Ù¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈƱ°Õ¤·¤«¤Í¤ë¡£

¤Þ¤º¡¢Keyser¤ÈPaszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ­½Ò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢¡Ö¥Ý¥Ã¥È¤ÎÄì¤ÎÉå¿©¤Îº¯Àספò³Îǧ¤Ç¤­¤ë¼Ì¿¿¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£¼Ì¿¿¤ò¸«¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤âÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤â¤É¤Á¤é¤âÁ´ÂÎŪ¤Ë½ý¤ó¤Ç¤ª¤ê¡¢¤È¤¯¤ËÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤Î½ý¤ß¤¬¤Ò¤É¤¤¡£

¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢¿å¤Ë¤è¤ëÉå¿©¤È¼å¤¤»À¤Ë¤è¤ëÉå¿©¤Ï¤É¤Á¤é¤â»÷¤¿¤è¤¦¤Êµ¡¹½¤Çµ¯¤³¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¶èÊ̤Ǥ­¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«µ¿Ìä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

Ƽ¤è¤ê¤âÅ´¤ÎÉå¿©¤¬·ã¤·¤¤¤Î¤ÏÅöÁ³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢Å´¤ÎÊý¤¬»¬¤Ó¤ä¤¹¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

ÃæÀ­¿åÍϱÕÃæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Íϸ»ÀÁǤλÀ²½ÎϤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¿Ê¹Ô¤¹¤ë¡Ö»ÀÁǾÃÈñ·¿Éå¿©¡×¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢Å´¸¶»Ò¤ÏÅŻҤòÊü½Ð¤·¡¢£²²Á¤ÎÅ´¥¤¥ª¥óFe2+¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÍϽФ¹¤ë¡£°ìÊý¡¢Êü½Ð¤µ¤ì¤¿ÅŻҤˤè¤ê»ÀÁǤ¬´Ô¸µ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¿å¤ÈÈ¿±þ¤·¡¢¿å»À²½Êª¥¤¥ª¥óOH-¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤¿Éå¿©È¿±þ¤Î·ë²Ì¡¢»¬¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¡£(Fe2+¤ÏÍϸ»ÀÁǤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¤é¤Ë»À²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¿å»À²½Å´(III)Fe(OH)3¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÄÀÅ¡£»þ´Ö¤Î·Ð²á¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¡¢»À²½¿å»À²½Å´(III)FeOOH¤ËÊѲ½¤·¡¢»¬Áؤò·ÁÀ®)

¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢»¬¤Ó¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¸½¾Ý¤Ï¡¢Á°½Ò¤·¤¿¼å¤¤»À¤Ë¤è¤ëÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤ÈƱÍͤʵ¡¹½¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¡£¡ÖÈóÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ç¡¢Äì¤Ë¤¢¤ëÉå¿©¤òÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤­¤ë¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ê²¾Àâ¤Ï¾¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢°Ê²¼¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò»²¾È¡£

¤Ç¤ó¤¸¤í¤¦ÀèÀ¸¤ÎºÆ¸½¼Â¸³

¡Ê£±¡Ë¤È¡Ê£²¡Ë¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤Î¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÌÏ·¿¡×¤Ï¤Þ¤¢¤½¤ì¤Ã¤Ý¤¤·Á¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¢¥×¥í¥Ú¥é¤ò²ó¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÅÃÓ¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӡפȰۤʤë·Á¾õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Ƽ¤ÎÅû¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤ËÂÀ¤¯¡¢Å´Àþ¤ò£³£°ËÜÄøÅÙ«¤Í¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤ÆÅŶˤÎɽÌÌÀѤòÁý¤ä¤·¤Æ¡¢ÅÅή¤¬¤è¤¯Î®¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥«¡¼¤ÏÌ©ÊĤµ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥«¡¼Æâ¤Î¿©±ö¿å¤Ï¶õµ¤¤ËľÀÜ¿¨¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ç¤â£´¤ÄľÎó¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢¥×¥í¥Ú¥é¤ò²ó¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¡ÊÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤°¤Î¤Ë¡¢¥ï¥Ë¸ý¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬¤ª¤â¤·¤í¤¤¡£ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤°¤Ë¤â¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÆ»¶ñ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Û¤¦¤¬ÊØÍø¤Ê¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡£ÅöÁ³¤Î¤³¤È¤À¤¬¡¢2000ǯÁ°¤Ë¤ÏÅŵ¤¥â¡¼¥¿¡¼¤Ç²ó¤ë¥×¥í¥Ú¥é¤â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¼Â¸³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Åö»þ¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤ÅÅÃÓ¤¬¤É¤¦»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤Ï¸«Åö¤¬¤Ä¤«¤Ê¤¤¡Ë

¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤ÆÅÅÃÓ¤òȯÌÀ¤·¤¿¤«¡©

2000ǯÁ°¤Ë¤ÏÅ۵¤äÅÅή¤ò·×¬¤Ç¤­¤ëµ¡³£¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤¬ËÜÅö¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Îȯ¸«¤ä±þÍѤϿʹ֤δ¶³Ð¤Ë°Í¸¤»¤¶¤ë¤ò¤¨¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¸ÅÂå¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã¿Í¤¬¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤ÆÅÅÃÓ¤òȯ¸«¤·¤¿¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢Keyser¤Ï¡¢¿Ý¤ÎÆþ¤Ã¤¿Å´¤Î´ï¤Ç¥Ö¥í¥ó¥º¤Î¥¹¥×¡¼¥ó¡Ê¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤ÎµÕ¡Ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤¿»þ¤Ë¡¢¼ê¤ä¿°¤¬´ï¤È¥¹¥×¡¼¥ó¤ËƱ»þ¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤ì¤Ð¡¢Åŵ¤Åª¤Ê»É·ã¤Ëµ¤¤Å¤¤¤¿¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦²¾Àâ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤¿·Ð¸³¤Ë¶½Ì£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¿Íʪ¤¬ÅÅÃÓ¤òȯÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤Ë»ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

¼ê¤Ç¿¨¤Ã¤Æµ¤¤Å¤¯¤Î¤Ï¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È̵Íý¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ÉÒ´¶¤Ê´¶³Ð¤ÎÀå¤ä¿°¤Ê¤é¤ÐÅŵ¤¤Ëµ¤¤Å¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ê¤Ê¤¼¤«Keyser¤ÏÀå¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£´ï¤òÀå¤ÇçÓ¤á¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤ª¹Ôµ·¤¬°­¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¡©¡Ë¡¡¤¿¤À¤·¡¢Keyser¤â´ï¤È¥¹¥×¡¼¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤ËÅŵ¤¤Î¸ºß¤Ëµ¤¤Å¤¯¤«¤É¤¦¤«¼Â¸³¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤ÎÅÅÃÓȯ¸«¡Ê1800ǯ¡Ë¤Î¤­¤Ã¤«¤±¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤Ë¤è¤ë¥«¥¨¥ë¤Î­¤Î¶ÚÆù¤òÍѤ¤¤¿²ò˶³ØÅª¤Ê¼Â¸³¡Ê1791ǯ¡Ë¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Î´¶³Ð¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¥º¥ë¥Ä¥¢¡¼¡ÊJohann Georg Sulzer, 1720-1779¡Ë¤È¤¤¤¦¿Íʪ¤Ë¤è¤ë¡Ö°¡±ôÈÄ¤ÈÆ¼ÈĤΰìü¤òÀÜ¿¨¤µ¤»¡¢Àå¤ò¶´¤à¤È»É·ã¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦È¯¸«¤â¤¢¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤ÈƱ¤¸¸½¾Ý¤òÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤­¤Ã¤«¤±¤Ç¡¢¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Ï¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤Î¡ÖưʪÅŵ¤¡×Àâ¤Ë°ÛÏÀ¤ò¾§¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤é¤·¤¤¡£

¡ÖÅŵ¤»Ë°Î¿Íŵ¡×¤Î¡Ö¥Ü¥ë¥¿ (Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe)¡×¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥¨¥Ô¥½¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤ÎÏÀʸȯɽÅö½é¤Î¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Ï¡Ö¤³¤ì¤Þ¤ÇÅŵ¤¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Î²¿¤Ë¤â¤Þ¤µ¤ëÂçÊѤʻöÊÁ¤Ç¡¢Àµ¤ËÂç¶Ã°Û¤È¤¤¤¦¤Ù¤­¤â¤Î¡×¤È»¿Æ±¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¬¡¢2¼ïÎà¤Î¶â°¤òÀÜ¿¨¤µ¤»¤Æ¼«¤é¤ÎÀå¤Ë¤Î¤»¤ë¤È¡¢¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï»À¡¢¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¥¢¥ë¥«¥ê¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆÃ¼ì¤Ê´¶³Ð¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¤³¤È¤Ëµ¤¤¬¤Ä¤¤¤¿¡£Æ°Êª¤ËÅŵ¤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢Æ°Êª¤Ï¸¡ÅÅ´ï¤ÎÌòÌܤˤʤäƤ¤¤¿¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¡£

¡Ø»À¡¢¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¥¢¥ë¥«¥ê¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆÃ¼ì¤Ê´¶³Ð¡Ù¤È¤Î¤³¤È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤â¤·¤«¤·¤¿¤é¡¢¡Ö»É·ã¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤ê¤Ï¡ÖÊѤÊÌ£¡×¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¼ÂºÝ¡¢Àå¤Î¾å¤ÇÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î·ë²ÌÀ¸¤¸¤¿¥¤¥ª¥óÅù¤ÎÌ£¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Àå¤Î´¶³Ð¤ÇÅÅÃÓ¤¬È¯¸«¤µ¤ì¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¸½¼Â¤Îȯ¸«¤ËÂ礭¤ÊÌòÌܤò²Ì¤¿¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ï¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤Î¼Â¸³¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢°Û¼ï¶â°¤ò¤Ê¤á¤¿¤È¤­¤Î´¶³Ð¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎÊä½õŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤À¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥º¥ë¥Ä¥¡¡¼¤Îȯ¸«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÎËܤˤè¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤µ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£

¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¥º¥ë¥Ä¥¡¡¼¤Ï1750ǯ¤Ë¡Ö²÷¡¢ÉÔ²÷¤ÎÌ£³ÐÀâ¡×¤È¤¤¤¦ÏÀʸ¤òȯɽ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

Æó¤Ä¤Î¶â°Êҡʤ¿¤È¤¨¤Ð°¡±ô¤ÈƼ¡Ë¤ò¤â¤Ã¤ÆÀå¤Ç¤Ï¤µ¤ß¡¢°ìü¤òÀÜ¿¨¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¡¢ÀÄ¥¤¥ó¥¯¤ÎÌ£¤Ë¤«¤Ê¤ê¶á¤¤Ì£¤¬¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢°ì¤Ä°ì¤Ä¤Î¶â°ÊÒñÆÈ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÌ£¤Îº¯Àפ¹¤é¤â¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤µ¤Æ¡¢Æó¤Ä¤Î¶â°¤ò¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë·ë¹ç¤·¤¿¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤Î¶â°¤Ëʬ²ò¤¬À¸¤¸¡¢Ê¬²ò¤µ¤ì¤¿Èùγ»Ò¤¬Àå¤ËÆþ¤ê¤³¤à¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤½¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¶â°¤Î·ë¹ç¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Èùγ»Ò¤Ë¿¶Æ°¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢Àå¤Î¿À·Ð¤ò¶½Ê³¤µ¤»¤Æ¡¢¤³¤³¤Ë¤Î¤Ù¤¿Ì£³Ð¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤·¤¿¤È¿äÏÀ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤

¤ä¤Ï¤ê¡¢Ì£¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¡ÖÈùγ»Ò¤Î¿¶Æ°¡×¤ÏÅŵ¤¤Î¤³¤È¤ò¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¥ì¥×¥ê¥«À½ºî¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¹ØÆþ¤·¤¿Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤ÈÅ´¤ÎÇöÈĤò¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ç¤È¤á¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î¤¢¤¤¤À¤ËÀå¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤¬¡¢¤È¤¯¤Ë¤Ê¤Ë¤â´¶¤¸¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ê»ä¤ÎÀå¤Î´¶³Ð¤ÏÆß¤¤¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¶â°À½¤Î¥¹¥×¡¼¥ó¤òÀå¤Î¾å¤Ë²¡¤·¤Ä¤±¤¿´¶¤¸¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤ë¤«¤Ê¡©¡Ë

°Ê²¼¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò»²¾È¡£

¤³¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿ËܤòÆÉ¤à¤È¤ï¤«¤ë¤³¤È¤À¤¬¡¢¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Ï¤â¤È¤â¤ÈÅŵ¤¤Î¸¦µæ²È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Ë໤Åŵ¤¤äÍë¡¢À¸Êª¤Î²ò˶¤È¤¤¤¦Â¿»Þ¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤Ã¤¿¸¦µæ¤ÈÃ챤ÎÀѤ߽Ťͤξå¤Ë¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤Îȯ¸«¤¬À®Î©¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ·¡¢¤¿¤À¡Ö2000ǯÁ°¡¢¶öÁ³¤ËÅÅÃÓ¤¬È¯¸«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡×¤È¸À¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤â²ûµ¿Åª¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤¶¤ë¤ª¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤ÎÅÅÃÓ

¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤ÎȯÌÀ¤·¤¿ÅÅÃӤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ¤ª¤­¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¡£¡Ê»²¹Íʸ¸¥¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÅŵ¤¤òȯ¸«¤·¤¿7¿Í¡×(´äÇÈ¥¸¥å¥Ë¥¢¿·½ñ)¡Ë

¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤ÎÅÅÂϡʥѥ¤¥ë¡¢Voltaic pile)¤Ï¡¢Ä¾·ÂÌó£±¥¤¥ó¥Á¤Î¶ä¤È°¡±ô¤Î±ßÈפΤ¢¤¤¤À¤Ë¡¢±ö¿å¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¢¥ë¥«¥ê¿å¤Ë¿»¤·¤¿ÉÛ¤ò¶´¤ß¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò¸ò¸ß¤Ë30¡Á40ËçÀѤ߾夲¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬Åݤì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¼þ°Ï¤Ë»ÙÃì¤òΩ¤Æ¤¿¹½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤ÏľÎó¹½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¡Ö¿Í¤¬°ìÈÖ¾å¤ÎÈĤ˿¨¤ì¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢ÊÒÊý¤ò²¼¤ÎÈĤˤĤʤ¤¤ÀƳÂΤ˿¨¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢·Ú¤¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦´¶ÅŤò¼Â´¶¤Ç¤­¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¼å¤¤¤Ê¤¬¤é¤â»ý³Ū¤Ë²Ð²Ö¤òȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤¿¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÅÅÂϤò¹â¤¯ÀѤ߾夲¤¹¤®¤ë¤È¡¢¶â°ÈפνŤߤǰµ½Ì¤µ¤ì¡¢ÉÛ¤ËÀ÷¤ß¹þ¤Þ¤»¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿±ÕÂΤ¬¹Ê¤ê½Ð¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢ÅÅÂϤò¸ÄÊ̤ËÀѤ߾夲¤ÆÊÂÎó¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤À¤â¤Î¤âÀ©ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¼§´ï¤ä¥¬¥é¥¹¤ÎÈ­¤ËÅŲò¼Á¤È¶ä¤È°¡±ô¤ÎÅŶˤòÆþ¤ì¡¢¸ò¸ß¤Ëº¿¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤À¡Ö¥³¥Ã¥×¤Î²¦´§¡×¤âÀ½ºî¤·¤¿¡£

¡Ö¤³¤¦¤·¤Æ¤Ä¤¯¤Ã¤¿µ¯ÅÅÁõÃÖ¡Ê¥¨¥ì¥¯¥È¥í¥â¡¼¥¿¡Ë¤Îü¤Èü¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤¿¤È¤¿¤ó¡¢¤½¤Î¿¨¤ì¤¿ÈéÉæ¤È¼þÊդ˾׷â¤È»ÉÄˤò´¶¤¸¤¿¡£¤½¤ì¤ò³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤ä¤±¤Ä¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ê½ý¤ß¤ò¤ª¤Ü¤¨¡¢¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹¶¯¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡£ºÇ¸å¤Ë¿ÉÊú¤·¤­¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼ê¤òµ¯Åŵ¡¤«¤é¤Ï¤Ê¤¹¤È¡¢¤ä¤¬¤Æ½ý¤ß¤Ï¾Ã¤¨¤¿¡£¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤ÏÅŵ¤Î®ÂΤ¬´ÖÃǤʤ¯½Û´Ä¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Î¤¢¤¶¤ä¤«¤Ê¾ÚÌÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡×¤È¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Ï½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î±ßÈפòÀѤ߽Ťͤë¤È¡¢Â礭¤Ê²Ð²Ö¤¬È¯À¸¤·¡¢ÌÌÀѤι­¤¤Â礭¤Ê¶â°ÈפΤۤ¦¤¬Åŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤¬Â礭¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦Å۵¤ÈÅÅή¤Î´Ø·¸¤âȯ¸«¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Åŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤ä²Ð²Ö¤ÎȯÀ¸¤¬²Äǽ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤â¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤ÇÅ۵¤äÅÅή¤òÁýÂ礹¤ë¹©Éפò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÍÑÅÓ

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤É¤ó¤Ê±ÕÂΤ¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡Ê¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤«¡Ë¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤¿º¯Àפâȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£Á÷ÅÅÍѤΥ±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¥³¡¼¥É¤â¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¸½»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤Ë¤ò¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¶õÁۤΰè¤ò½Ð¤Ê¤¤¡£

Åŵå¤äÅÅ¿®¤¬Åö»þ¸ºß¤·¤¿¤È¤Ï¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢Åŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤ÏÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ë¹ÎÄêŪ¤ÊÀìÌç²È¤âÈÝÄêŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£Åö»þ¤Ï¥¢¥Þ¥ë¥¬¥àË¡¤ä¶âÇ󤬻ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ç¡¢Åŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤µ¤ì¤¿°äʪ¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£

¶â¤òÅŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤º¶â¥¤¥ª¥ó¤ÎÍϱդòºî¤é¤Í¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¥·¥¢¥ó²½¶â¥«¥ê¥¦¥àºøÂΤ¬¤è¤¯»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤À¡£Paszthory¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¥¢¥ß¥°¥À¥ê¥ó¤ò´ÞÍ­¤¹¤ë²Ì¼Â¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤³¤Îʪ¼Á¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

¶ìÙ¨Åí¤ä¥â¥ì¥í¡¦¥Á¥§¥ê¡¼¤Î¼Â¤òºÕ¤¤¤Æ¿åÍϱդòºî¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¾ú¤¹ÚÊì¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ÆÈ¯¹Ú¤µ¤»¡¢ßɲ᤹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¶â¤ÎÊ´Ëö¤òÍϲò¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÌÜŪ¤Î¥·¥¢¥óºøÂοåÍϱաʶâ´ÞÍ­ÎÌ¡§0.3¡Á0.4g/l¡Ë¤¬´°À®¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢Å۵0.7V¡¢ÅÅή̩ÅÙ50mA/cm^2¤Ç¡¢¶ä¤äƼ¤Î»®¤ËÅŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤ò»Ü¤¹¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÊ£»¨¤Ê¹©Äø¤òÅŵ¤²½³Ø¤ÎÃ챤â¤Ê¤¯¶öÁ³¤Ëȯ¸«¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Û¤ÜÉÔ²Äǽ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤í¤¦¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Å۵¤äÅÅή¤ò·×¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Æ¥¹¥¿¡¼¤â¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¡¢ÍÑÅӤϤ´¤¯¸Â¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤í¤¦¡£¼ö½Ñ¤ä°åÎŤ˻ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦²¾À⤬¸½ºß¤Î¼çή¤Ê¤è¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¿Í´Ö¤¬¤É¤ì¤À¤±¤½¤ÎÅŵ¤¤ò´¶¤¸¤é¤ì¤¿¤«¡©¡Ê¤É¤ì¤À¤±¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê¤·¤¿¤«¡©¡Ë¤¬ÁèÅÀ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢¡Ö²ûµ¿ÏÀ¼Ô¤Îµ§¤ê¡×¤Î¡ØÅÅÃӤǤϤ¢¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢¼ÂÍѤˤϻê¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿Àâ¡Ù¤Ë¤ÏÀâÆÀÎϤò´¶¤¸¤Ê¤¤¡£¡¡¤³¤ì¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤʤ¤¤â¤Î¡×¤â¡Ö¼ÂÍÑŪ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ÅÅÃӡפȤ¤¤¦¤´¤Þ¤«¤·¤¬ÄÌÍѤ·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£

¡Ø¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊȯÌÀ¤Î²áÄø¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë»÷¤¿¥¬¥é¥¯¥¿¤Ï¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ë¡Ù¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¤½¤ó¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Î¿ô¤Ï¤¿¤«¤¬ÃÎ¤ì¤Æ¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤è¤ê¤âÈÆÍÑŪ¤Ë¿ô¿¤¯ºî¤é¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î°ìÉô¤¬È¯¸«¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Û¤¦¤¬³ÎΨŪ¤Ë¹â¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤½¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ÏŤ¤Ç¯·î¤Ç¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿¤«¡¢¤Þ¤ÀËä¤â¤ì¤¿¤Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ö²ûµ¿ÏÀ¼Ô¤Îµ§¤ê¡×¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¸ÀÍÕ¤ò¼Ú¤ê¤ì¤Ð¡¢¡Ø½ÐÅÚ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸Ä¿ô¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¡Ù¤Î¤Ï¡ØÈ¯·¡»öÂÖ¤¬¤¢¤Þ¤ê¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡Ù¤«¤é¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤à¤·¤í¡¢¡Öȯ·¡¤¬¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡×¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¡Ö¾ÚµòÉÔ½½Ê¬¤Ç¤Þ¤ÀÅÅÃӤȤϸÀ¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤À¤±¤ÎÏäǡ¢¡ÖÄ´ºº¤¬¿Ê¤á¤Ð¾Úµò¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤Þ¤ÀÅÅÃӤǤʤ¤¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

Äۤθý¤¬¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤ÇÊĤ¸¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢·¹¤±¤Æ¤âÆâÉô¤Î±ÕÂΤ¬¤³¤Ü¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤Ê¤Ë¤«¼ÂÍÑŪ¤ÊÍÑÅÓ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¡¢°ìÅÙÌ©ÊĤ·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¨¤ÐÆâÉô¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò¼è¤êÂØ¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Æñ¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¡Ö»È¤¤¼Î¤Æ¡×Ū¤ÊÍÑÅÓ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

Åŵ¤¤òÊü¤ÄÅܤì¤ë¿ÀÁü

BBC¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¿ä¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¡Ö»ä¤Ï¡¢»û±¡¤Ç¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤Ä¤âµ¿¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡×¤È¡¢CraddockÇî»Î¤Ï½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ö¿À¤Î¶öÁü¤ËÅÅÀþ¤¬¼è¤êÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¡¢»Êº×¤¬¼ÁÌä¤ò¤¹¤ë¡×

¡¡

¡Ö¤â¤·¤â¡¢Åú¤¨¤ò´Ö°ã¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢¶öÁü¤Ë¿¨¤ë¤È¼å¤¤Åŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¡£¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¡¢¾®¤µ¤¤ÉԻ׵ĤÊÀĤ¤È¯¸÷¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¡£Åú¤¨¤¬Àµ¤·¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢»Êº×¤Þ¤¿¤Ï±£¤ì¤¿¿Íʪ¤¬ÅŸ»¤òÀڤꡢÅŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤Ïµ¯¤­¤Ê¤¤¡½¤½¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¶öÁü¤È»Êº×¡¢¤½¤Î½¡¶µ¤Î¥Ñ¥ï¡¼¤ò¿Í¤Ï³Î¿®¤¹¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡×

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ÎÀâ¤Ë¤Ï¿®¤Ô¤ç¤¦À­¤ò´¶¤¸¤Ê¤¤¡£¤Þ¤º¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»Å³Ý¤±¤Î»Ü¤µ¤ì¤¿¶öÁü¤Ïȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ò¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ç¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«·Ò¤¤¤À·ÁÀפ⸫¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤Ê¤ª¡¢ÊüÅŤòµ¯¤³¤¹¤Ë¤ÏÅŰ̺¹¤¬É¬ÍפʤΤÇľÎó¡¢Åŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤Ë¤ÏÅÅήÎ̤¬É¬ÍפʤΤÇÊÂÎó¤Ë·Ò¤°É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£

¤³¤Îµ­»ö¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î¤Û¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ¾Ï¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

¤â¤·¡¢ÅÅή¤¬ËÜÅö¤Ë¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¤Ë¤ÏÉÔ½½Ê¬¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤½¤ì¤ÏÃȤ«¤¯´¶¤¸¤é¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£µ¿¤¤¤òÊú¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¼Ô¤Î»Ø¤¬¿¨¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢ÉԻ׵ĤʥÁ¥ê¥Á¥ê´¶¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢ËÜÅö¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ÊÅŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤äȯ¸÷¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¡¢¤³¤Îʸ¾Ï¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Íʪ¤â¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¡ÖÃȤ«¤¯´¶¤¸¡×¤¿¤ê¡Ö¥Á¥ê¥Á¥ê´¶¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¡×¤È¼çÄ¥¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤¦¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼¨¤¹¤Ù¤­¤À¤í¤¦¡£¸ýÀè¤À¤±¤Î¶õÏÀ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤ë¿Íʪ¤Ï¡¢³Ø¼Ô¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î»ñ¼Á¤òµ¿¤ï¤¶¤ë¤òÆÀ¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢ÀÅÅŵ¤¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¿Í¤Ê¤é¡¢¶â°À½¤Î¶öÁü¤Ë¿¨¤Ã¤ÆÂ¿¾¯¥Ó¥ê¥Ã¤È¤·¤¿¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ó¤Ê¤Ë¶Ã¤¤¤¿¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£°Å°Ç¤Ê¤éÀÅÅŵ¤¤Ë¤è¤ëȯ¸÷¤¬¸«¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤â¡¢¤½¤ó¤Ê¤ËÄÁ¤·¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¸½Âå¿Í¤ÏÄ줬¥´¥àÀ½¤Î·¤¤òÍú¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢·¤¤¬Àä±ïÂΤȤʤꡢÂÓÅŤ·¤ä¤¹¤¤¡£BBC¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¤âÀÅÅŵ¤¤ÎÊüÅÅ(static discharge)¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¸ÀµÚ¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¸ÅÂå¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã¿Í¤¬¤É¤ÎÄøÅÙÀÅÅŵ¤¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤¿¤«¤Ï½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥µ¥¤¥È¡ÖÀÅÅŵ¤Âкö¥¬¥¤¥É¡×¤Î¡ÖÀÅÅŵ¤¤ÎÅ۵¡×¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¼Ö¤Î¥É¥¢¥Î¥ÖÅù¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤Æ¥Ó¥ê¥Ã¤È¤·¤¿»þ¤ÎÅ۵¤Ï3000£Ö¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Ë໤Åŵ¤¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢BC600ǯ¤´¤í¤Ë¸ÅÂ奮¥ê¥·¥ã¤Îů³Ø¼Ô¥¿¡¼¥ì¥¹¡ÊThales¡Ë¤é¤¬¡¢àèàá¤òÌÓÈé¤Ç¤³¤¹¤ë¤È¿Ð¤¬°ú¤­´ó¤»¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¥É¥¤¥Ä¤Î¥²¡¼¥ê¥Ã¥±¤Ï¡¢1663ǯ¤Ë¡¢Î²²«µå¤ò²óž¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êÀÅÅŵ¤¤òȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¡¢¡ÖË໤µ¯Åŵ¡¡×¤òȯÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ÀÅÅŵ¤¤òÃù¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ç¥óÉÓ¡ÊLeyden¡¡jar¡Ë¤Ï¡¢¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤È¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Ë¤è¤ëÅÅÃÓȯ¸«°ÊÁ°¤ËȯÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢°Û¼ï¶â°¤ÎÁȹç¤ï¤»¤ÇȯÀ¸¤¹¤ëưÅŵ¤¤è¤ê¤â¡¢Ë໤Åù¤ÇȯÀ¸¤¹¤ëÀÅÅŵ¤¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬ÀΤ«¤é¥Ý¥Ô¥å¥é¡¼¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¥é¥¤¥Ç¥óÉӤϵ®Â²¤ÎÍ·¤ÓÆ»¶ñ¤Ë¤â¤Ê¤ê¡¢¹ñ²¦¤Ø¤Î¸«À¤Êª¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¼ê¤ò·Ò¤¤¤À180¿Í¤Îʼ»Î¤ò¡¢Åŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤¤¤Ã¤»¤¤¤ËÈô¤Ó¾å¤¬¤é¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤â»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¡£ÆüËܤˤª¤¤¤Æ¤â¥¨¥ì¥­¥Æ¥ë¤òÍѤ¤¤ÆÆ±¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ê¸«À¤Êª¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£

ÀÅÅŵ¤¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÈùÎ̤ÊÅÅή¤¬°ì½Öή¤ì¤ë¤À¤±¤À¤¬¡¢Å۵¤Ï·å°ã¤¤¤ËÂ礭¤¤¡£È¯¸÷¤ò¤È¤â¤Ê¤¦¶¯¤¤ÊüÅŤòµ¯¤³¤¹¤Ë¤Ï¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤òľÎó¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤ÇÅ۵¤ò¾å¤²¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£

BBC¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Îµ­»ö¤Ï¡¢Àï²Ð¤Ë¸«Éñ¤ï¤ì¤¿¥¤¥é¥¯¤Î°äÀפòÊݸ¤è¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ú¡¼¥óµ­»ö¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢°ìÈ̤ÎÃíÌܤò½¸¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¥ª¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥Ä¤È¤·¤ÆÍ­Ì¾¤Ê¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤¬¥À¥·¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Õ¤¦¤Ë¤âÆÉ¤á¤ë¡£¤³¤Îµ­»ö¤ËÅо줹¤ë³Ø¼Ô¤Ï¤¤¤¤¤«¤²¤ó¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò¸À¤¦Á°¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä·Ò¤¤¤À¤é¡¢¿®¼Ô¤ò¶Ã¤«¤»¤ë¤Û¤É¤ÎÅŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤òµ¯¤³¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¿¿ÌÌÌܤ˸¡¾Ú¤¹¤Ù¤­¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¤â¤·¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤¬ÂçÎ̤ËɬÍפÊÍÑÅӤ˻ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢°ì²Õ½ê¤«¤éÂçÎ̤˸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤¤¤¤¤È»×¤¦¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ï¡ÊÅÅÃÓ¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤â´Þ¤á¤Æ¡ËºÇ¹â¤Ç£´¸Ä¤«£¶¸ÄÄøÅ٤Ǥ¢¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤â¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¤¤¿·ÁÀפ⸫¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

BBC¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Îµ­»ö¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤ª¤â¤·¤í¤¤Ê¸¾Ï¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

ÂçÉôʬ¤Î¹Í¸Å³Ø¼Ô¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÁõÃÖ¤¬ÅÅÃÓ¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¹ç°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤ì¤¬È¯¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿¤«¡¢²¿¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡¢¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¿ä¬¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£

¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¡¢¤Ê¤Ë¤òÀìÌç¤È¤¹¤ë¹Í¸Å³Ø¼Ô¤¬¡¢¤Ê¤Ë¤òº¬µò¤Ë¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃÓ¤À¤È¹ç°Õ¡×¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡©¸½¾õ¤Ç¤Ï¾Úµò¤ä¾ðÊ󤬾¯¤Ê¤¹¤®¤ë¡£¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤ÆÈ¯¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿¤«¤â¡¢¤Ê¤Ë¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤â¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ë¡¢¤Ê¤¼ÅÅÃÓ¤À¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¤Î¤«¡©

Åŵ¤ÎÅË¡¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡©

Keyser¤Ï¡¢Åö»þ¡¢ïªµä¤ÏÃæ¹ñ¤Ç¤¹¤Ç¤ËÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¿Ë¤Ê¤É¤ËÄÌÅŤ·¡¢ÄÃÄˤʤɤÎÅŵ¤ÎÅË¡¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©¤È¤¤¤¦²¾Àâ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¸ÅÂ奮¥ê¥·¥ã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Æ¬ÄˤäÄËÉ÷¤ÎÄÃÄˤΤ¿¤á¡¢¥·¥Ó¥ì¥¨¥¤Åù¤ÎÅŵ¤¤òȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¤ëµû¤¬ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£º½ÉͤÎÇÈÂǤÁºÝ¤Çblack torpedo fish¤ò­¤Î²¼¤ËÉߤ­¡¢Â­¤òáã¤ì¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ÄËÉ÷¤ÎÄÃÄˤËÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤é¤·¤¤¡£¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ãÏѤä¥Á¥°¥ê¥¹¡¦¥æ¡¼¥Õ¥é¥Æ¥¹·Ï¤Ë¤Ï¤³¤¦¤·¤¿µû¤¬¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿²¾Àâ¤òΩ¤Æ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤¿¤À¤·¡¢ïªµä¤ÈÅŵ¤ÎÅË¡¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤â¾Úµò¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç²±Â¬¤Î°è¤ò½Ð¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎȯÅÅÎϤ¬¥·¥Ó¥ì¥¨¥¤¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¤É¤ÎÄøÅ٤ʤΤ«¡¢ÄêÎÌŪ¤ÊÈæ³Ó¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ¤Ç¤âÅŵ¤¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ÎÅË¡¤Ï¸Å¤¯¤«¤é¸ºß¤·¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤¬È¯ÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ï¡¢¥é¥¤¥Ç¥óÉÓ¤¬¡ÖÅŵ¤¼£Îšפ˻Ȥï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£¥é¥¤¥Ç¥óÉӤϽִÖŪ¤Ë¤â¤Î¤¹¤´¤¤ÅÅÎϤòȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¿¤·¤«¤Ë¤³¤ì¤Ï¤Ê¤Ë¤«¤Ë¸ú¤­¤½¤¦¤À¡£ÅÅÃÓ¤¬È¯¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¢¤È¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤âÅŵ¤¼£ÎŤ˻Ȥï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¬¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢£²¤Ä¤Î¥³¥¤¥ë¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿Åż§Í¶Æ³¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢°ÒÎϤòÁýÉý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤é¤·¤¤¡£Åŵ¤¼£ÎŤˤϡ¢¼å¤¤Åŵ¤¤è¤ê¤â¶¯¤¤Åŵ¤¤¬¹¥¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤À¡£

ÆüËܤˤª¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢º´µ×´Ö¾Ý»³¤¬¡Ö¥¹¥³¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥Þ¥·¥Í¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Åŵ¤¼£ÎÅ´ï¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¤³¤ÎÁõÃ֤ϡ¢Â«¤Í¤¿Å´¤ÎËÀ¤Ë¡¢ÂÀ¤µ¤Î°ã¤¦£²¤Ä¤Î¥³¥¤¥ë¤ò´¬¤­¤Ä¤±¤¿·Á¾õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£ÂÀ¤¤Æ³Àþ¤Ç´¬¤«¤ì¤¿£±¼¡¥³¥¤¥ë¤ËÅÅή¤òή¤·¡¢ºÙ¤¤Æ³Àþ¤Î£²¼¡¥³¥¤¥ë¤ËÅż§Í¶Æ³¤µ¤ì¤¿ÅÅή¤òµ¯¤³¤¹¡££±¼¡¥³¥¤¥ë¤ÎÅŸ»¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤Î³«ÊĤò¤¹¤Ð¤ä¤¯·«¤êÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Åż§Í¶Æ³¤ÇÁýÉý¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê´¶¤ò´µÉô¤Ë¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤À¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤¿ÁõÃÖ¤ÇÅŵ¤¥·¥ç¥Ã¥¯¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ºÇÄã¤Ç30¡Á70mA¤Î£±¼¡ÅÅή¤¬É¬ÍפÀ¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

°Ê²¼¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò»²¾È¡£

¸ý¤Ç¤¯¤ï¤¨¤Æ¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê

¤Þ¤¿¡¢½ÕÅÄÀ²Ïº»á¤Ï¼«¿È¤Î¥Ö¥í¥°¤Ç¡Ø¸ý¤Ç¤¯¤ï¤¨¤Æ¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¼ö½Ñ°åÎŤËÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤È»ä¤Ï¤È¤ê¤¢¤¨¤º¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡Ù¤È½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤¿¤·¤«¤Ë¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»È¤¤Êý¤Ê¤é¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¥³¡¼¥É¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢µÕ¤Î¸À¤¤Êý¤ò¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¥³¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦»È¤¤Êý¤·¤«¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¤í¤¦¡£

ÄËÉ÷¤Ê¤é¥·¥Ó¥ì¥¨¥¤¤ò­¤Î²¼¤ËÉߤ¯¤Î¤Ï¤¿¤·¤«¤Ë¸ú¤­¤½¤¦¤Êµ¤¤â¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ê¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤²¿¤Î¼£ÎŤˤʤë¤Î¤«¡£¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢Æ¬ÄˤòÁÛÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©

¼ÂºÝ¤ËƼ¤ÈÅ´¤Çºî¤Ã¤¿ÅÅÃÓ¡ÊÅ۵0.5V¡¢ÅÅή1mA¡Ë¤ÎξÅÅ¶Ë¤ËÆ±»þ¤ËÀå¤òÅö¤Æ¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤¬¡¢»ä¤Ï¤È¤¯¤Ë¤Ê¤Ë¤â´¶¤¸¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¡ÖĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý¤ÎÆæ²ò¤­¡×¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

¥«¥¤¥¶¡¼¤ÏÀå¤Ç´¶¤¸¤ë¤Ê¤é0.5¥Ü¥ë¥È¤Ç½½Ê¬¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Á°½Ð¤Î¡Ö²ø¤·¤¤ÅÁÀâ¡×¤Î¼Â¸³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Àå¤Ç¿¨¤ì¤ë¤È0.3¥Ü¥ë¥È¤Ç¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê´¶¤òÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Àå¤Î´¶³Ð¤Ë¸Ä¿Íº¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢Keyser¤ÎÏÀʸ¤Ë¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ­½Ò¤Ï¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£Keyser¤ÏÅÅÃÓ¤Îȯ¸«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¿Ý¤ÎÆþ¤Ã¤¿¿©¤Ùʪ¤òÅ´¤È¥Ö¥í¥ó¥º¤Ç¤­¤¿¿©´ï¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¿©¤Ù¤¿¤È¤­¡¢¸ýÅù¤¬Î¾¶â°¤ËƱ»þ¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤ì¤Ð¡¢Åŵ¤Åª¤Ê»É·ã¤Ëµ¤¤Å¤¤¤¿¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦²¾Àâ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ÎÏäò´ª°ã¤¤¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

¡Ö²ø¤·¤¤ÅÁÀâ¡×¤Ï¸«¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤ó¤È¤â¸À¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢0.3¥Ü¥ë¥È¤ÏÁêÅö¼å¤¤¡£¾åµ­¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë»ä¼«¿È¤Ï¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤Î0.5¥Ü¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£

»ÔÈÎÉʤÎ9£Ö¤ÎÅÅÃӤǤ϶¯¤¤¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê´¶¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë¡£¡Ê£¹VÅÅÃӤϡܤȡݤÎÅŶˤ¬Æ±¤¸Êý¸þ¤ò¸þ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤Ê¤á¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤³¤È¤Î¤¢¤ë¿Í¤â¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¡Ë¡¡1.5V¤Îñ£±ÅÅÃÓ¤Îξ¶Ë¤Ë¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤ÇƱ»þ¤Ë¤Ê¤á¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È¡¢¤¿¤·¤«¤Ë¼å¤¤¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê´¶¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤³¤ì¤Ê¤éµ¤¤Å¤¯¿Í¤â¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤è¤ê¼å¤¤¤È¡ÖÊѤÊÌ£¤¬¤¹¤ë¡×¤°¤é¤¤¤Ë¤·¤«»×¤ï¤Ê¤¤²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢Àå¤ÏÌ£¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë´ï´±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¼å¤¤¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê´¶¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¤Ê¤Ë¤«¤ÎÌ£¤À¤È»×¤¦¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¡ÊÁ°½Ò¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Àå¤Î¾å¤ÇÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤¬µ¯¤³¤ì¤Ð¡¢È¯À¸¤·¤¿¥¤¥ª¥óÅù¤ÎÌ£¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¡Ë¿Í¤Ï¡¢ÊѤÊÌ£¤¬¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤ÎÔä¤Ë¤½¤ì¤Û¤É¿ÀÈëŪ¤Ê¥Ñ¥ï¡¼¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ê¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©

Á°½Ò¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Ã±£±ÅÅÃÓ¤Ç¤â¥Æ¥¹¥¿¡¼¤ÎºÇÂç300mA¤ÎÌÜÀ¹¤ê¤ò¿¶¤êÀÚ¤ë¤Û¤ÉÅÅή¤¬Î®¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢0.3¥Ü¥ë¥È¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤Ç¡¢¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê´¶¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤«¤Ê¤ê¼å¤¤¤â¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤ÈͽÁÛ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

½ÕÅÄ»á¤Ë¤ÏÀ§Èó¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¸¡¾Ú¼Â¸³¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç¤Þ¤¿´¶ÁÛ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¡£

¤½¤Î¾¤Î»È¤¤Êý¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤ë

¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¢»ä¤ÏÅŵ¤¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢ÍÆ´ïÆâÉô¤ËÆþ¤ì¤¿±ÕÂΤËÊѲ½¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¤¿¤á¤ÎÆ»¶ñ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©¤È¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤¿¡£ÅŶËÈ¿±þ¤ÇÍϽФ·¤¿¥¤¥ª¥óÅù¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÔä¤ËÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤¿¿å¤ä²Ì½Á¤ÎÌ£¤òÊѲ½¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¤«¡Ä¡¡¼ÂºÝ¤ËÌ£¤ò³Î¤«¤á¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ë¤â¤¤¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¼Â¸³¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤ª¤â¤·¤í¤¤¥¢¥¤¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤½¤¦¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¹¤°¤Ë¹Í¤¨¤ë¤Î¤ò¤ä¤á¤¿¡£

ÅÅÃÓ°ì¸Ä¤Ç²Ð¤òµ¯¤³¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤é¤·¤¤¡£»È¤¤Êý¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¸ý¤Ç¤¯¤ï¤¨¤Æ¥Ó¥ê¥Ó¥ê¡×¤Ê¤ó¤«¤è¤ê¤â¤³¤Ã¤Á¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬¤Ï¤ë¤«¤Ë¼ÂÍÑŪ¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤε¯ÅÅÎϤǤ³¤ì¤¬²Äǽ¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ï³Îǧ¤¬É¬Íס£¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¸ÅÂå¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã¿Í¤¬¤³¤ó¤Ê»È¤¤Êý¤ò»×¤¤¤Ä¤¤¤¿¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ê¤ó¤Æ¡¢º£¤Î¤È¤³¤íï¤Ë¤â¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤι½Â¤

Paszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÎà»÷°äʪ¤ÏÁ´Éô¤Ç12¸Ä¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î¤¦¤Á11¸Ä¤Î·Á¾õ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëµ­½Ò¤¬¡ÖĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý¤ÎÆæ²ò¤­¡×¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£Paszthory¤ÈKeyser¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤âƱ¤¸¼Ì¿¿¤¬·ÇºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ËܾëãÌé»á¤Ë¤ª»Ç¤¤¤·¤¿¤È¤³¤í¡¢¡Ø»Ä¤ê¤Î1¤Ä¤Ï¡¢¥Ï¥È¥é¶á¤¯¤Î¥Ñ¥ë¥Æ¥£¥¢»þÂå¤ÎÃÏÁؤ«¤é¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤µ¤ì¤ë¿¿µ¶ÉÔÌÀ¤Î°äʪ¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¼Ì¿¿¤äÀ£Ë¡¤Ê¤É¡¢¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊ󤬸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤º¡¢Ì¤¤À¤ËÊó¹ð¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ëÏÀʸ¤â¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¸¡Æ¤¤·¤è¤¦¤¬¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡Ù¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢³Îǧ¤Ç¤­¤ëÅÅÃÓÎà»÷°äʪ¤Ï£³¥ö½ê¤«¤é½ÐÅÚ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

  1. ¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢(Khujut Rabou'a)¤«¤é½ÐÅÚ¤·¤¿£±ÅÀ¡§¤³¤ì¤¬¡¢¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¡ÊWilhelm König¡Ë¤ÎÊó¹ð¤·¤¿¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӡס£
  2. ¥»¥ì¥¦¥­¥¢¡ÊSeleucia¡Ë(¥Æ¥ë¡¦¥¦¥Þ¥ë, Tel Umar)¤Çȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿£´ÅÀ¡§¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¤Î¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӡפˤ褯»÷¤¿·Á¾õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
  3. ¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¡ÊCtesiphon¡Ë¤«¤é½ÐÅÚ¤·¤¿£¶ÅÀ¡§¤¦¤Á£µ¤Ä¤Ï¿åº¹¤·¾õ¤Î·Á¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¡ÖƼ¤ÎÅû¡×¤¬£±¸Ä¡¢£³¸Ä¡¢10¸ÄÆþ¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Ãæ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Æ¬Éô¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥°¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤¿Å´À½¤Î¥Ô¥ó¡ÊÍ­µ¡Êª¤Çʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡Ë¤¬10¸ÄÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤ä¡¢¾®¤µ¤Ê±ô¤ÎÈĤ¬10¸ÄÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤȤϤޤ俤¯»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤°äʪ¤â¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤³¤ì¤é¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¡ÖĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý¤ÎÆæ²ò¤­¡×¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

¤µ¤Æ¡¢¾å¤Ë¾Ò²ð¤Î3¥õ½ê¤«¤é¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿°äʪ¤¬¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤òÏÀ¤¸¤ë¾å¤ÇÁ°Äó¤È¤Ê¤ë°äʪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¸«Èæ¤Ù¤Æ¤â¤é¤¨¤ì¤Ð¤ï¤«¤ë¤È¤ª¤ê¡¢¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤ÏƼ¤ÎÅû¤¬Ê£¿ôÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ê¡¢¥ê¥ó¥°¾õ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Å´¤ÎÅ£¤¬¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤ÎÔ䤫¤é¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ½Ð¤Æ¤­¤¿¤ê¤È¡¢Â¾¤È¤Î°ã¤¤¤¬ÌÜΩ¤Ä¡£

¡¡

¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É¤ÎÅÅÃӤˤĤ¤¤Æ¹Í»¡¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅ쳤Âç³Ø¤Î½ÕÅÄÀ²Ï¯¶µ¼ø¤Ê¤É¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤È¥»¥ì¥¦¥­¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤ÏÅÅÃӤβÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë°ìÊý¡¢¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤Ï²¿¤é¤«¤Î´ØÏ¢À­¤Ï»ý¤Ä¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢Æ»¶ñÈ¢¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÍÑÅӤ˻Ȥï¤ì¤¿²ÄǽÀ­¤òÏÀ¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¡¡

³Î¤«¤Ë¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤òÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ¹Í¤¨¤ë¤Î¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤À¡£¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨½ÕÅ͵¼ø¤¬ÏÀ¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Îà»÷ÅÀ¤Ï¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤âÁê°ãÅÀ¤ÎÊý¤¬Â礭¤¤È¯·¡¾ì½ê¤Î°ã¤¦°äʪ¤ò¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ°·¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤¬ÅÅÃӤβÄǽÀ­¤ÏÄ㤤¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Â¾¤âƱÎó¤Ë°·¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤½¤ÎÅÀ¤ÏÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤¿¤¤¡£

¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡ØÎà»÷ÅÀ¤Ï¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤âÁê°ãÅÀ¤ÎÊý¤¬Â礭¤¤È¯·¡¾ì½ê¤Î°ã¤¦°äʪ¤ò¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ°·¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡Ù¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¤¤¤µ¤µ¤«¼ç´ÑŪ¤Ê°Õ¸«¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â»×¤¨¤ë¡£¤¦¤¬¤Ã¤¿¸«Êý¤ò¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃÓÀâ¤ËÉÔÅÔ¹ç¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ï½ü³°¤¹¤Ù¤­¡×¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤âʹ¤³¤¨¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£

¡ÖÎà»÷ÅÀ¡×¤È¡ÖÁê°ãÅÀ¡×¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤òºÙ¤«¤¯¸¡Æ¤¤¹¤Ù¤­¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Ç¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿°äʪ¡ÊD¡Ë¡Ø¼è¤Ã¼êÉÕ¤­¤ÎÔä¡Ù¤Ë¤Ï¡ØÆ¼¤ÎÅû¤¬1¸Ä¡ÙÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤηÁ¾õ¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ê¤È¤¯¤Ë¥»¥ì¥¦¥­¥¢¤Ç¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿4¤Ä¤ÎÔä¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢2¤Ä¤Ë¤Ï¼è¤Ã¼ê¤¬ÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤è¤¯»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤í¤¦¤«¡©¡Ë¡¡¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë¡ØÆ¼¤ÎÅû¤¬Ê£¿ô¡ÙÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£

¹â¤µÌó21¥»¥ó¥Á¤Î°äʪ¡ÊA¡Ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢10¸Ä¤ÎÅû¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¹â¤µÌó21¥»¥ó¥Á¤Î°äʪ¡ÊB¡Ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï3¸Ä¡¢¹â¤µÌó17.5¥»¥ó¥Á¤Î°äʪ¡ÊC¡Ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤â3¸Ä¡¢¹â¤µÌó10.5¥»¥ó¥Á¤Î°äʪ¡ÊD¡Ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï1¸ÄÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢ÍÆ´ï¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Ãæ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅû¤Î¿ô¤¬°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â¸«¤¨¤ë¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤¢¤ëÎà»÷°äʪ¤Î¤¦¤Á¡Ö¤¿¤Þ¤¿¤ÞÅÅÃӤΤ褦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤Õ¤¦¤Ê¸«Êý¤âÈÝÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢¸ÅÂå¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã¿Í¤¬ºî¤Ã¤¿ÅÅÃÓ¤¬¡¢¸½Âå¿Í¤¬¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤¹¤ëÅÅÃӤηÁ¾õ¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÁ³À­¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡£¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Îºî¤Ã¤¿ÅÅÂϤϡ¢¸½Âå¤ÎÅÅÃӤΤ褦¤Ê³°´Ñ¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥»¥ì¥¦¥­¥¢¤Ç£´¤Ä¤âÅÅÃÓÎà»÷°äʪ¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ë¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤°¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ëÅù¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¸ÅÂå¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã¿Í¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤°¤È¤¤¤¦È¯ÁÛ¤¬¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò»×¤ï¤»¤ë¡£

¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ·¡¢¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤ÎȯÌÀ¤·¤¿ÅÅÂϤä¡Ö¥³¥Ã¥×¤Î²¦´§¡×¤Ï¡¢Åö½é¤«¤éľÎó¤Ä¤Ê¤®¤Î¹½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¤½¤¦¤·¤ÆÅ۵¤ò¾å¤²¤Í¤Ð¡¢Åŵ¤¤ò¼Â´¶¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬Æñ¤·¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£

Ãæ¤ËÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿°äʪ¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¡©

¡Ö´¬ÊªÊݸÀâ¡×¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¡ÖĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý¤ÎÆæ²ò¤­¡×¤Ç¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤Þ¤¿Å´¤Ï»¬¤Ó¤ä¤¹¤¤¡£»¬¤Ó¤ì¤Ð¿§¼Ì¤ê¤âµ¯¤³¤ë¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢´¬Êª¤òÊݸ¤¹¤ëÌÜŪ¤Ç¤ÏÍÑÅÓ¤ËÂѤ¨¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Ï¤º¤À¤È¤¤¤¦»ØÅ¦¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

½ÕÅÄÀ²Ïº»á¤Ï¥Ö¥í¥°¤Ç°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢ºÇ¤â½ÅÍפʤΤϡ¢Âç»ö¤Ê¼öʸ¤òÅ´¤ÈÀܤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾õÂ֤ǰì½ï¤ËÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¢¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò¸«¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢¡ÖƼ¤ÎÅû¡×ÆâÉô¤ËÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Î¤ß¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥»¥ì¥¦¥­¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡ØÔä¤Î¶á¤¯¤Ë¤ÏÅ´¤ÈƼ¤ÎËÀ¡ÊŤµÌó15¡Á25¥»¥ó¥Á¡Ë¡Ù¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅûÆâÉô¤Ëº¹¤·¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¡ÊPaszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢£´¤Ä¤ÎÔä¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢£³¤Ä¤ÏÅݤ줿¾õÂÖ¤Çȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìºÇ¹â¤Ç£´Ëܤζâ°ËÀ¤¬¼þ°Ï¤ÎÃÏÌ̤˺¹¤·¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤­¡¢°ìËܤÏÅ´¤Ç»Ä¤ê¤Ï¥Ö¥í¥ó¥ºÀ½¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤Î¤³¤È¡Ë¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿¢ÊªÁ¡°Ýʪ¼Á¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¤³¤ÎÍý¶þ¤À¤È¡¢Å´¤ÎËÀ¤¬º¹¤·¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤ò´Þ¤à°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö´¬ÊªÊݸÀâ¡×¤òÈÝÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£

¤¿¤À¤·¡¢½ÕÆü»á¤Ï¡Ø¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Ï¥¨¥¸¥×¥È¤Î»ºÊª¤Ç¡¢Åö»þ¥¨¥¸¥×¥È¤ò»ÙÇÛ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¥í¡¼¥ÞÄë¹ñ¤Ç¤Ï»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¥µ¡¼¥µ¡¼¥óÄ«¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤º»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡Ù¤È¤â½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ç´¬Êª¤À¤ÈÃÇÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢½ÕÆü»á¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤ÏÅö»þ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¡Ö¥µ¡¼¥µ¡¼¥óÄ«¤Ç¤Ï»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡×¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨¡¢Åö»þ¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤òÈÝÄꤷ¡¢Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤À¤í¤¦ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦Àâ¤ò»Ù»ý¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦½ÕÆü»á¤ÎÂÖÅ٤ϡ¢ÁÇ¿ÍÌܤˤϴñ°Û¤Ë¼Ì¤ë¡£»æ¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤ËÉÛ¤ä³×¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤À¤í¤¦¡£

Keyser¤Ï¡¢ÅÅÃӤμ÷Ì¿¤¬Ã»¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢»ÈÍÑ»þ¤Ë¤Î¤ßÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤òÆþ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦Àâ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¡Ö»ÈÍÑ»þ¤Ë¤Î¤ß±ÕÂΤÎÅŲò¼Á¤òÃí¤°¡×¤È¤¤¤¦»È¤¤Êý¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢É¬¤º¤·¤âÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤ò½Ð¤·Æþ¤ì¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¡£¤à¤·¤í¡¢¤³¤Ü¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦²ÄǽÀ­¤Î¤¢¤ë±ÕÂΤϻÈÍÑľÁ°¤Þ¤ÇÆþ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦»È¤¤Êý¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬¹çÍýŪ¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢ÅŶˤ¬Î¾Êý¤½¤í¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÅÅÃӤȹͤ¨¤ëɬÁ³À­¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÅÅÃӤ餷¤¤·Á¤ò¤·¤¿°äʪ¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Î¤ß¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£

ÅŶˤηÁ¾õ

¡ÖĶ¾ï¸½¾Ý¤ÎÆæ²ò¤­¡×¤Î°äʪ¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤Ï¡¢Keyser¤ÈPaszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë·ÇºÜ¤µ¤ì¤¿¼Ì¿¿¤ÈƱ¤¸¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥¯¥Æ¥·¥Õ¥©¥ó¤Î°äʪ¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤Î°úÍѸµ¤Ï¡¢½ÕÅÄÀ²Ïº»á¤Î¡Ö¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡Ø¥Ñ¥ë¥Æ¥£¥¢¤ÎÅÅÃӡ٤˴ؤ¹¤ëͽÈ÷ŪºÆ¹Í»¡¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸¸¥¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢½ÕÅÄ»á¤âƱ¤¸¼Ì¿¿¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤ò¸«¤Æ¤â¡¢Ôä¤Î¸ý¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦·Á¾õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¤È¤¯¤Ë¡¢¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Å´¤ÎËÀ¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¡¢¥Ó¥Á¥å¥á¥ó¡Êú²½¿åÁDz½¹çʪ¤ÎÁí¾Î¡¢¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥ÈÅù¡Ë¡¢Ôä¤ËʬΥ¤µ¤ì¤¿¼Ì¿¿¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤¬¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦·Á¤ÇÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤µ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡¢ºÙ¤«¤¤¤³¤È¤Ï¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£Paszthory¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤Ï¡¢1978ǯ¤ËŸ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï´û¤Ë¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥ÈÉôʬ¤Ï¼º¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤â¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·Á¾õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«¡¢¤â¤¦±Ê±ó¤Ë¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢Î¾ÅÅ¶Ë¤ÏÆþ¤ìʪ¤Î³°¤ËÆÍ½Ð¤·¡¢ÍÑÅӤ˱þ¤¸¤Æ¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤²¤ä¤¹¤¤·Á¾õ¤äçÓ¤á¤ä¤¹¤¤¡Ê¡©¡Ë·Á¾õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£Keyser¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Æ¼¤ÈÅ´¤ÎξÊý¤¬¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤Î¾å¤ËÆÍ½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤Îµ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£Keyser¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¤Îʸ¸¥¤«¤é°úÍѤ·¤¿¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÃÇÌ̿ޡÊFig.4¡Ë¤¬·ÇºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ò¸«¤ë¤È¡¢Å´¤ÎËÀ¤ÎÀèü¤Ï¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥ÈÉôʬ¤«¤éÆÍ½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤À¤¬¡¢¤Ê¤ó¤é¤«¤Î¥³¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤¬¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤ÏÈù̯¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ËÜÅö¤Ë¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥ÈÉôʬ¤«¤éÆÍ½Ð¤·¤Æ³°¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡¢¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤ò¸«¤ë¤È¡¢¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥ÈÉôʬ¤ÏÊ´¡¹¤ËºÕ¤±¤¿¾õÂ֤ˤ¢¤ë¡£È¯¸«Åö½é¤«¤éºÕ¤±¤¿¾õÂÖ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¤½¤ì¤È¤âȯ¸«¸å¤ËÆâÉô¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë狼¤¬ºÕ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¤ÎÃÇÌ̿ޤϼÂʪ¤É¤ª¤ê¤ËÉÁ¤¤¤¿¥¹¥±¥Ã¥Á¤Ê¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¤½¤ì¤È¤â°ìÉô¤ÏÁÛÁü¤ÇÉÁ¤¤¤¿¡ÖÉü¸µ¿Þ¡×¤Ê¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÏËÜÅö¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê·Á¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡©

Äۤγ«¸ýÉô¤Ï3.3¥»¥ó¥Á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤Ïľ·Â2.6¥»¥ó¥Á¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¸ÇÄꤷ¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤«¡¢ÃΤꤿ¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤¬¤É¤ì¤À¤±´è¾æ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤«¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤ÏÔä¤Î¸ý¤«¤é¤Ö¤é²¼¤¬¤Ã¤¿¹½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¾å¤«¤é᤯¤È¡¢Å´¤ÎËÀ¤´¤ÈÄÛ¤ÎÃæ¤ËÍî¤Á¹þ¤ó¤Ç¤·¤Þ¤¤¤½¤¦¤À¡£Ôä¤Î¸ý¤«¤é¤Ö¤é¤µ¤²¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹½Â¤¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê´è¾æ¤½¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£ÇË»¤·¤ä¤¹¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤í¤¦¤«¡£

¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢Æ¼¤òÅû¾õ¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÁ³À­¤âÄۤθý¤«¤é¤Ö¤é²¼¤²¤ëɬÁ³À­¤â¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¹½Â¤¤âÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤È¤Ï̵´Ø·¸¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¥»¥ì¥¦¥­¥¢(¥Æ¥ë¡¦¥¦¥Þ¥ë)¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Keyser¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ë¡¢ÄۤξåÉô¤¬¼Ì¤Ã¤¿¼Ì¿¿¤¬·ÇºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¥Ó¥Á¥å¥á¥ó¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ëÉôʬ¤Ï¤¤¤Ó¤Ä¤Ê·Á¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢·ê¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«³«¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â¸«¤¨¤ë¤¬¡¢Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤¬³°Éô¤ËÆÍ½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«¡©

½ÕÅÄÀ²Ïº»á¤Ï¼«¿È¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Ƽ¤ÎÅûÆâ¤Ç¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¿¢ÊªÁ¡°Ý¤Ï¡¢ÅŶˤ¬¥·¥ç¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¶´¤ß¹þ¤ó¤À¤â¤Î¡Ê¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¡Ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤à¤·¤íÅÅÃÓÀâ¤ò¶¯¤á¤ë¾Úµò¤Ç¤¹¡£

½ÕÅĻ᤬»²¹Í¤Ëµó¤²¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

»æ¤ÈÀÄÆ¼¤ò´¬¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤âȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤À¤¬¡¢Ã±¤Ë¼öʸ¤ò½ñ¤¤¤¿»æ¤ò¼ý¤á¤ë¤À¤±¤Ê¤éÀÄÆ¼¤Î΢ĥ¤ê¤Ê¤ÉɬÍפʤ¯¡¢¤à¤·¤íÀÄÆ¼À½¤ÎÅŶˤÈÅŲò±Õ¤ò´Þ¿»¤µ¤»¤¿¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹»æ¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¤ò¡¢½¸Åźà¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÅ´¿´¤Ë´¬¤­¤Ä¤±¤¿¹½Â¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤¿¤Û¤¦¤¬¼«Á³¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢ÅŶ˺àÎÁ¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÏÀÄÆ¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹ç¶âºàÎÁ¤è¤ê¤Ï½ãƼÀ½¤ÎÅŶˤΤۤ¦¤¬Å¬ÀڤʤΤǡ¢ÀÄÆ¼¤¬´¬¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤ä¤ä¶ñ¹ç¤¬°­¤¤¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢À½Â¤Åö»þ¤ÏƼÇó¤È¥¹¥ºÇ󤬻楻¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò¶´¤ó¤ÀÂиþ¹½Â¤¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢Îò»ËŪ»þ´Ö¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Ë¥¢¥Î¡¼¥Éºà¤Î¥¹¥º¤¬´°Á´¤ËÍϽФ·¡¢¤µ¤é¤ËÅŲò±Õ¤ÎÁÓ¼º¤Ëȼ¤Ã¤Æ¥«¥½¡¼¥Éºà¤ÎƼÇó¤ÎɽÌ̾å¤ËÀϽФ·¤¿¤¿¤á¡¢²½³ØÊ¬ÀϤηë²Ì¤È¤·¤ÆÀÄÆ¼¡ÊƼ¤È¥¹¥º¤Î¹ç¶â¡Ë¤Î°ì¼ï¤ÈȽÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö±ßÅû¾õ¥Ë¥Ã¥±¥ë¿åÁÇÅÅÃӡפǰìÈÌŪ¤ÊÆâÉô¹½Â¤¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡ØÅŶˤȥ»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò´¬Êª¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¿´ËÀ¤Ë´¬¤­ÉÕ¤±¤¿·Á¾õ¡Ù¤òǰƬ¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤é¤·¤¤¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹½Â¤¤Ï¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ïȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¡ØÎò»ËŪ»þ´Ö¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Ë¥¢¥Î¡¼¥Éºà¤Î¥¹¥º¤¬´°Á´¤ËÍϽС٤·¤Æ¾Ã¼º¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦²¾Àâ¤òΩ¤Æ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤â²±Â¬¤Î°è¤ò½Ð¤Ê¤¤¡£¥¹¥º¤¬¥¢¥Î¡¼¥É¡Ê±¢¶Ë¡Ë¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î¿·Àâ¤À¤í¤¦¡£

ÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÅÅÎϤϡ¢ÅŶËɽÌ̤β½³ØÈ¿±þ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æµ¯¤³¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢É½Ì̤¬¹­¤¤¤Û¤ÉÈ¿±þ¤Ï¿¤¯µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢ÅÅήÃͤâ¾å¤¬¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢É½Ì̤ι­¤¤ÅŶˤò¶¹¤¤ÍÆ´ï¤ËÊĤ¸¹þ¤á¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¡Ü¤È¡Ý¤ÎÅŶˤ¬ÀÜ¿¨¤·¤Æ¥·¥ç¡¼¥È¡ÊûÍí¡Ë¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦²ÄǽÀ­¤â¹â¤Þ¤ë¡£¤½¤³¤ÇÅÅ¶ËÆ±»Î¤¬ÀÜ¿¨¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÅŶˤΤ¢¤¤¤À¤ËÅŲò¼Á¤¬¿»Æ©¤¹¤ëÀä±ïÂΡʥ»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¡Ë¤ò¶´¤ó¤Ç¥µ¥ó¥É¥¤¥Ã¥Á¾õ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ò´Ý¤á¤ÆÍÆ´ï¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ì¤Ð¡¢¸Â¤é¤ì¤¿ÂÎÀÑÃæ¤ÇÂ礭¤ÊɽÌÌÀѤòÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢Í۶ˤȱ¢¶Ë¤¬Î¥¤ì¤Æ¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢ÀÜ¿¨¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤ï¤¶¤ï¤¶¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤òÁÞÆþ¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¡£

¥Õ¥æ¡¼¥È¡¦¥é¥Ã¥Ö¡¼¥¢¤Î°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Ä¹¤µ: 9.8 cm¡¢Ä¾·Â: 2.6 cm¤Î´Ý¤á¤é¤ì¤¿Æ¼¥·¡¼¥ÈÆâ¤Ë¡¢Ä¹¤µ¡§7.5 cm¤ÎÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤¬¡¢¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤ÎÀò¤«¤éÄߤ겼¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤ÎÄì¤Ï¡¢Äì¤ÏƼ¤Î±ßÈפÇÊĤ¸¤é¤ì¡¢¸ü¤µ0.3 cm¤Î¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤Çʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£

Keyser¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î°ì¸«¤Ê¤ó¤ÎÌò¤ËΩ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¸ü¤µ0.3 cm¤Î¥¢¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥ë¥È¤ò¡¢Å´¤ÎËÀ¤¬Æ¼¤ÎÄì¤ÈÀÜ¿¨¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤È¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¤ï¤¶¤ï¤¶¿¢ÊªÁ¡°Ý¤ò¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤ÆÆþ¤ì¤ëɬÍפâ¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤθ½¾õ

¸½ºß¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤¬¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¡¢¾ðÊó¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¡ÖBad Archaeology¡×¤Î¡ÖThe ¡Æbatteries of Babylon¡Ç¡×¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢2003ǯ¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤È¤½¤ÎƱÌÁ¹ñ¤Ë¤è¤ë¿¯¹¶¤ÎºÝ¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É¤Î¥¤¥é¥¯¹ñΩÇîʪ´Û¤«¤éά夵¤ì¤¿ÊªÉʤÎÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¡¢¸½ºß¤É¤³¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢¸½Â¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤Þ¤È¤á

ÄÛ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë2¼ïÎà¤Î¶â°¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÅÅÃÓ¤ÈÃÇÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢³Îǧ¤Ç¤­¤¿11¸Ä¤Î°äʪ¤Î¤¦¤ÁÅ´¤ÈƼ¤¬Î¾Êý¤È¤âÔä¤ÎÃæ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤Î¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤À£±¤Ä¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤξì¹ç¡¢Ãæ¤ËÅŲò¼Á¤òÆþ¤ì¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤¿¤·¤«¤Ë¼å¤¤ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢ÅŲò¼Á¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¾Úµò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£Æ¼¤è¤ê¤âÅ´¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬Éå¿©¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤¤Î¤ÏÅö¤¿¤êÁ°¤ÎÏäǤ¢¤ê¡¢2Àéǯ¤Î¤¢¤¤¤À¤Ë·ÐǯÎô²½¤·¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£

Å´¤ÎËÀ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿°äʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡Ö»ÈÍÑ»þ¤Ë¤Î¤ßÅ´¤ÎËÀ¤òÁÞÆþ¤·¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¼çÄ¥¤â¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢»ÈÍÑ»þ¤Î¤ß¤ËÅŲò¼Á¤òÃí¤²¤Ð¤¤¤¤¤À¤±¤ÎÏäʤΤǡ¢Î¾¶Ë¤¬¤½¤í¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤°äʪ¤òÅÅÃӤȤߤʤ¹É¬Á³À­¤Ï¤È¤¯¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÄÛ¤ÎÃæ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿Æ¼¤ÎÅû¤Î¿ô¤â¡¢ÍÆ´ï¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ë±þ¤¸¤Æ¡¢£±¤Ä¡¢£³¤Ä¡¢£±£°¤Ä¤ÈÊѲ½¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢1¸Ä¤·¤«Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤¬¤¿¤Þ¤¿¤ÞÅÅÃӤΤ褦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤¿¤À¤±¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¸½Âå¿Í¤ÏÅÅÃÓ¤¬¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤«ÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢ÀèÆþ´Ñ¡Ê¥Ð¥¤¥¢¥¹¡Ë¤¬À¸¤¸¡¢ÅÅÃӤΤ褦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤ò¸«¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÅÅÃӤȻפ¤¹þ¤à²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

¤¿¤È¤¨¡¢ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢Æ¼¤ÈÅ´¤ÎÅŶˤ«¤é´üÂÔ¤µ¤ì¤ëÅ۵¤ÎÍýÏÀÃͤÏ0.8VÄøÅ٤Ǥ¢¤ê¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤ÏÅŵ¤²½³ØÅªÊ¬¶Ë¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¤³¤ì¤è¤êÄ㤤Ãͤˤʤ롣¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ºÆ¸½¼Â¸³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢0.5V°Ê²¼¡¢¿ômA¤ÎÅÅÎϤǤ¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ïñ£±´¥ÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤è¤ê¤âÎô¤ê¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ£±¸Ä¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤¤¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤òľÎó¤äÊÂÎó¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¤¤¿·ÁÀפÏȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿·ÁÀפ⸫¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¼ÂÍÑŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡×¤È¤«¡Ö¤Ê¤á¤ëµ·¼°¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦²¾À⤬Åо줹¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¼Âʪ¤ò¸«¤¿¤³¤È¤â¤Ê¤¤¡¢È¯·¡¤â¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¡¢ºÆ¸½¼Â¸³¤â¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤¸¤ã¡¢¤ªÏäˤʤé¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤϤ¢¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢¼ÂÍѤˤϻê¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿Àâ¡×¤Ê¤É¤È¸À¤¤½Ð¤·¤¿¤é¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤϤʤ¤¤â¤Î¡×¤â¡Ö¼ÂÍÑŪ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ÅÅÃӡפÇÄÌÍѤ·¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤½¤ì¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤϤʤ«¤Ã¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦²¾Àâ¤Ë¤â½½Ê¬ÀâÆÀÎϤ¬¤¢¤ë¡£¸½»þÅÀ¤Ç¤ÏÅÅÃÓ¤ÈÃÇÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¾Úµò¤Ï·¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

¥ì¥×¥ê¥«¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ºÆ¸½¼Â¸³¤Ë¤â¸Â³¦¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£ºÆ¸½¼Â¸³¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦»È¤¤¤«¤¿¤¬²Äǽ¤«¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¤ï¤«¤ë¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤Ï¸Â¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£·ë¶É¡¢È¯·¡Ä´ºº¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤É¤¦»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¡£

º£¸å¤ÎÄ´ºº¡¦È¯·¡¤Ë´üÂÔ¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢¥±¡¼¥Ë¥Ã¥Ò¤Îʸ¸¥¤Ï1938ǯ¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¡¢È¯·¡Ä´ºº¤Ï70ǯ°Ê¾å¤Ê¤ó¤Î¿ÊŸ¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£º£¸å¡¢¿ÊŸ¤¬ËÜÅö¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤«¡¢µ¿Ìä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¸½ÃϤ¬Ê¶Áè¾õÂ֤ǡ¢´í¸±¤Çȯ·¡¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¼çÄ¥¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤¬¡¢Ä¹Ç¯ÊüÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ËÊѤï¤ê¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£

¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¡×¤ÈÃÇÄêŪ¤Ê½ñÀÒ

ÅÅÃÓȯ¸«¤ÎÎò»Ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¤È»×¤¤¡¢¿Þ½ñ´Û¤ËÅÅÃӤ˴ؤ¹¤ë°ìÈ̸þ¤±¤Î½ñÀÒ¤ò¸«¤Ë¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢¶Ã¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ò¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¡×¤ÈÃÇÄêŪ¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤¿Ëܤ¬¤±¤Ã¤³¤¦¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¤È¤Þ¤À³ÎÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ë¡¢¡ÖÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¡×¤ÈÃÇÄꤷ¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÌäÂê¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¹â¹»¶µ²Ê½ñ¡ØÊªÍý­µ¡Ù¤ËÅо졪

Åìµþ½ñÀҤι⹻¶µ²Ê½ñ¡ØÊªÍý­µ¡Ù¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤¬^^; ¡Ö²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦½ñ¤­Êý¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢¤«¤Ê¤êÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¤ÈÆ÷¤ï¤»¤Æ¤ë¤Ê¤¢

¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¡Ö¤â¤·¤âÅÅÃÓ¤À¤È¤·¤Æ¤â²¿¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤Î¤«¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤·¤Ä¤Ä¤â¡¢¡Ö¤á¤Ã¤­¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¹Í¤¨¤â¤¢¤ë¡×¤È¾Ò²ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢È¯·¡Ä´ºº¤â¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À¤«¤é¶µ²Ê½ñ¤ËºÜ¤»¤ë¤Û¤É¤ÎÏäǤϤʤ¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ¤âºÜ¤»¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤»¤á¤Æ¡Ö¤á¤Ã¤­¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¹Í¤¨¤â¤¢¤ë¡×¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ïºï½ü¤·¤Æ½ñ¤­¤Ê¤ª¤¹É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£¶µ²Ê½ñ¤ËºÜ¤»¤ë¤Î¤ÏÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤ë¤È³ÎÄꤷ¤Æ¤«¤é¤Ç¤âÃÙ¤¯¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢½ÕÅÄÀ²Ïº»á¤Ï¤³¤Î·ï¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÈ¿±þ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¢­2RTs¡¡²½³Ø¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ÊªÍý¤Í¤§¡£¶µ²Ê½ñ¤ËºÜ¤»¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤µ¤¹¤¬¤Ë¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÂçÃÀ¤Êµ¤¤¬¤¹¤ë¡£¤Õ¤Ä¤¦¤Ëàèàá¤È¼§ÀФǤÏÂÌÌܤʤ󤫤ʡ£

àèàá¤È¼§ÀФ¸¤ã¥¤¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¥È¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤Ç¤·¤ç¡£

¡Ö»öŵ ¸ÅÂå¤ÎȯÌÀ¡½Ê¸²½¡¦À¸³è¡¦µ»½Ñ¡×¡¡

¥Ô¡¼¥¿¡¼ ¥¸¥§¡¼¥à¥º (Ãø), ¥Ë¥Ã¥¯ ¥½¡¼¥× (Ãø), Peter James (¸¶Ãø), Nick Thorpe (¸¶Ãø), ÌðÅç ʸÉ× (ËÝÌõ), ÅìÍνñÎÓ (2005/12)

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤǶâ°¥á¥Ã¥­¤·¤Æ¤¿¤È¤«½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ëËÜ¡£ÅÅÃÓºî¤ë¤Î¤Ë¤â¤½¤ì¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÅŵ¤²½³Ø¤ÎÃμ±¤Ï¤¤¤ë¤·¡¢¶â°¤òÅŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¤Ï¤µ¤é¤Ë¹âÅÙ¤ÊÃ챤¬É¬Íפˤʤ롣¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿ÅÀ¤ò½½Ê¬¹Í褻¤º¥»¥ó¥»¡¼¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¤Ë¡Ö2ÀéǯÁ°¤ËÅÅÃÓ¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤¿¡ª¡×Åù¤È·öÅÁ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢Îò»Ë½¤Àµ¼çµÁ¤â¤¤¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤À¡£

¡ÖÅŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤ÎÈëÌ©¤ÏÌýÃǤʤ¯¼é¤é¤ì¡¢·è¤·¤Æ½ñ¤¤¤¿·Á¤ÇľÀܤËÅÁ¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡×Åù¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¡ÖÈëÌ©¤À¤Ã¤¿¤«¤é¾Úµò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡×¤ß¤¿¤¤¤ÊÈ¿¾ÚÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ê¼çÄ¥¤Ï̵°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

°Âľ¤Ë¡Ö£±¡¥£µ¥Ü¥ë¥È¤ÎÅÅή¤òÀ¸¤ß½Ð¤·¤¿¡×¤Ê¤É¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤Î¤â¡¢ÅÅÃӤ˴ؤ¹¤ëÃ챤Ë˳¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤òϪÄ褷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£²¿ÅÙ¤â¸À¤¦¤¬¡¢Å´¤ÈƼ¤òÅŶˤȤ¹¤ë¡ÖÅÅÃÓ¡×ñÂΤǤ³¤ÎÅ۵¤òÀ¸¤¸¤µ¤»¤ë¤Î¤ÏÍýÏÀŪ¤ËÉÔ²Äǽ¡£

¤³¤ÎËܤˤϡ֥³¥í¥é¥ÉÂç³Ø¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥ë¡¦¥«¥¤¥¶¡¼¡×¤¬¡ÖÅŵ¤µû¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤È¤·¤Æ¶ÉÉôËã¿ì¤Ë¥Ð¥Ó¥í¥Ë¥¢¤Î°å»Õ¤¿¤Á¤¬»È¤Ã¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Àâ¤ò¾§¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¸íÌõ¤Ç¡¢¡ÖÄÀÄ˺îÍѤ˻Ȥ信פȤ¤¤¦¤Î¤¬ËÜÅö¤Î¥«¥¤¥¶¡¼¤ÎÀâ¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¡×£±¸Ä¤Ç¤Ï¤½¤ó¤Ê»È¤¤Êý¤ÏÅöÁ³¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£¤½¤ì¤Ê¤é¡¢²¿¸Ä¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤À¤é¡ÖÅŵ¤µû¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¡×¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¯¤é¤¤¤ÎÅÅÎϤòȯ´ø¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¡©¤È¤¤¤¦¤È¡¢¤³¤ì¤â³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç´ù¾å¤Î¶õÏÀ¤Ë²á¤®¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤³¤ÎËܤˤè¤ë¤È¡¢¡Ö¥í¥ó¥É¥ó¤Ë¤¢¤ë²Ê³ØÇîʪ´Û¤ÎʪÍý³Ø¼Ô¥¦¥©¥ë¥¿¡¼¡¦¥¦¥£¥ó¥È¥ó¡×¤Ê¤ë¿Íʪ¤¬¡¢¡Ö¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÅÅÃÓ¤ò¿ô¸ÄϢ³¤·¤Æ¤Ä¤Ê¤²¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Ù¥ë¤òÌĤ餷¤¿¤ê¡¢Åŵå¤ËÌÀ¤«¤ê¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿¤ê¡¢¾®¤µ¤ÊÅŵ¤¥â¡¼¥¿¡¼¤òư¤«¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï½½Ê¬¤ÊÅÅή¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡×¤È½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢Åö»þ¡¢Åŵå¤Ï¤ª¤í¤«¡¢ÅÅÆ°¥Ù¥ë¤â¥â¡¼¥¿¡¼¤â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤Ç¤Ï¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤½¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤¬¤Ê¤Ë¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤Ë¤â¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡£

¤µ¤é¤Ë¥¦¥£¥ó¥È¥ó¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎʪÂΤ¬ÅÅÃӤǤ¢¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¡Ö¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯ÌÀÇò¤Ç´°Á´¤Ë¿®¤¸¤ë¤Ë­¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤È½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢ÅÅÃӤȤ·¤Æ¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤òÄêÎÌŪ¤Ë³Î¤«¤á¤â¤»¤º¡Ö¸«¤¿Ìܤ¬ÅÅÃÓ¤À¤«¤éÅÅÃÓ¡×Ū¤Ê¼çÄ¥¤ò¤¹¤ë¿Íʪ¤ÏÁê¼ê¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤¦¤¬¤¤¤¤¡£¡Ê¡Ö²ûµ¿ÏÀ¼Ô¤Îµ§¤ê¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥È¤ÎÅÅÃӡפιàÌܤˤϡ¢¥¦¥£¥ó¥È¥ó¤¬¡Ö¤É¤¦¤ß¤Æ¤âÅÅÃӤʤó¤À¤è¤Ê¡×¤ÈÊó¹ð¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡Ë

¡ÖÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÏá×

Ê¿°æ Ãݼ¡¡¢¹â¶¶ ¾ÍÉס¡Ãø¡¢¾Ø²Ú˼ (1989/05)

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Û¡¼¥ä¥Ã¥È¥é¥Ã¥×¥¢ÅÅÃÓ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤȸƤФ졢º£¤Î¤È¤³¤íºÇ¸Å¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤ÈÅÁ¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

ÍÑÅӤϻØÎØ¡¢ÏÓÎØ¡¢¼ó¾þ¤ê¤Ê¤É¤Î¶â¤á¤Ã¤­¤ä¶ä¤á¤Ã¤­ÍѤÎÅŸ»¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦À⤬ͭÎϤǤ¢¤ë¡£

¾å½Ò¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÅÅÃÓÀâ¤Ë¹ÎÄêŪ¤ÊÀìÌç²È¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡¢Åŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­Àâ¤Ë¤ÏÈÝÄêŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¤³¤ÎÅÅÃӤδ°À®¤Ë»ê¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤â¡¢¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤ÊºàÎÁ¤¬ÀµÉé³èʪ¼Á¤äÅŲò¼Á¤È¤·¤Æ»î¤ß¤é¤ì¤¿¤ÈÁÛÁü¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß¤â¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¤è¤¤ÅÅÃÓ¤òµá¤á¤ÆÅØÎϤ¬ÀѤ߽Ťͤé¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£

¤³¤ì¤Ï΢ÉÕ¤±¤ë¾Úµò¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢º£¤Î¤È¤³¤íÁÛÁü¤ÎÈϰϤò½Ð¤Ê¤¤¡£

»Äǰ¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë¡¢£±£¹À¤µª¤Ë»ê¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÅÅÃӤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ï¡¢º£¤Î¤È¤³¤íȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤε»½Ñ¤¬¤¤¤Ä¤´¤í¤Þ¤Ç·Ñ¾µ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤«¤âÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤½¤ì¤ò¸À¤¦¤ó¤À¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢¡ÖËÜÅö¤ËÅÅÃÓ¤«¤É¤¦¤«¡¢º£¤Î¤È¤³¤íÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡× ¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¡Ö¿Þ²ò»¨³Ø ÅÅÃӤΤ·¤¯¤ß¡×¡¡

(¿Þ²ò»¨³Ø¥·¥ê¡¼¥º)¡¡¥æ¥Ë¥¾¥ó¡¡Ãø¡¢¥Ê¥Ä¥á¼Ò (2004/03)

¤³¤ÎËܤϤȤ¯¤Ë¤Ò¤É¤¤¡£

p.68¤Î¡ÖÀ¤³¦ºÇ¸Å¤ÎÅÅÃӡפˤϡ¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

ÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÎò»Ë¤¬¸ì¤é¤ì¤ëºÝ¤Ë¤è¤¯ÏäˤǤë¤Î¤¬À¤³¦ºÇ¸Å¤ÎÅÅÃӤȸÀ¤ï¤ì¤ë¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӡפÀ¡£

º£¤«¤éÌó£²£°£°£°Ç¯Á°¤Î¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ã»þÂå¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤À¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

Å۵¤Ï£°.£¹¥Ü¥ë¥È¤«¤é£²¥Ü¥ë¥ÈÄøÅÙ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤é¤·¤¤¡£

¾å½Ò¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ£±¸Ä¤Îµ¯ÅÅÎϤÏ0.78V°Ê²¼¤Ë¤·¤«¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤³¤ì¤Ï°ìÂβ¿¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤È¡¢¤É¤¦¤ä¤é¶âÀ½ÉʤΥá¥Ã¥­¤Ë»È¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤À¡£

¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¥á¥Ã¥­¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤Ã¤¿À¤³¦ºÇ¸Å¤ÎÅÅÃӤȤ·¤ÆÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¤â¤Þ¤¿Åŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­Àâ¤Þ¤Ç¹ÎÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ÎÅÅÃӤϤ½¤Î¸å¡¢¥Ú¥ë¥·¥ãÀ¤³¦¤Ë¹­¤¬¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ê¤¯ÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÎò»Ë¤Ï£±£¹À¤µª¤Þ¤ÇÅÓÀ䤨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤À¡£

p.70¤Î¡ÖưʪÅŵ¤¤¬ÅÅÃÓȯÌÀ¤Î¤­¤Ã¤«¤±¡×¤Ë¤Ï¤µ¤é¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤â½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӰʹߡ¢£´£°£°£°Ç¯¶á¤¯¡¢ÅÅÃӤϿÍÎà¤Ë˺¤ìµî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£

£²£°£°£°Ç¯¤ò£´£°£°£°Ç¯¤È½ñ¤­´Ö°ã¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤È¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Ë¤è¤ëÅÅÃÓȯ¸«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤«¤é˺¤ìµî¤ì¤¿ÅÅÃӤθ¶Íý¤ÎºÆÈ¯¸«¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¡Ê¸¶Ê¸¥Þ¥Þ¡Ë

¥¬¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥Ë¤È¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤Îȯ¸«¤Ï¡¢¶áÂåÅŵ¤²Ê³Ø¤ÎȯŸ¤ËÀäÂç¤Ê¹×¸¥¤ò¤·¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤¬ËÜÅö¤ËÅÅÃÓ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢·è¤·¤Æ·Ú¤ó¤¸¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤³¤ÎËܤΤۤ«¤Î²Õ½ê¤â¤³¤ó¤ÊÄ´»Ò¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¤³¤ÎËܤòÆÉ¤ó¤ÇÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÊÙ¶¯¤ò¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤ªÁ¦¤á¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£

¡ÖÅÅÃÓ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ëËÜ¡×

(¤Ê¤ë¤Û¤É¥Ê¥Ã¥È¥¯!) ¡¡ÆâÅÄ Î´Íµ¡¡Ãø¡¢¥ª¡¼¥à¼Ò (2003/07)

¤³¤Á¤é¤Ç¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÃæÎ©¤Î°Õ¸«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¤·¤«¤·¤½¤Î°ìÊý¤Ç¡¢ËÜÅö¤ËÅÅÃÓ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òµ¿¤¦Àâ¤â¤¢¤ê¡¢¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ê¡¢¤ä¤Ï¤êÅÅÃӤε¯ÅÅÎϤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Á¤ã¤ó¤ÈÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤À¡£

¤³¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤¬µ¯¤³¤¹Å۵¤Ï¡¢1.5V¡Á2.0VÄøÅ٤Ǥ¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¿ä¬¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ1ËܤǤ½¤ó¤ÊÅ۵¤Ï½Ð¤Ê¤¤¡£ ľÎó¤Ë¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢Ä¾Îó¤Ç²¿¸Ä·Ò¤¤¤À¾ì¹ç¤«¡¢¤Á¤ã¤ó¤È½ñ¤¯¤Ù¤­¤À¤í¤¦¡£

¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÅо줹¤ë¥µ¥¤¥È

¡ÖÂè4²ó¡¡½é´ü¿ÍÎà¤Ë¹âÅÙ¤ÊʸÌÀ¡©¡¡Çò¸ø»³¤ÎÅ´¥Ñ¥¤¥×¡×¡¡

¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¥¸¥ª¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯ÆüËÜÈÇ¥µ¥¤¥È

¡¡¤³¤¦¤·¤¿¥ª¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥Ä¡Ê¾ì°ã¤¤¤Ê¿Í¹©Êª¡Ë¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë°äʪ¤ÏÀ¤³¦Ãæ¤Ë¿ô¿¤¤¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ï²Ê³ØÅª¤Ë¡Ê¾ì°ã¤¤¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¡ËÀâÌÀ²Äǽ¤Ç¡¢Ã¯¤«¤¬ºî°ÙŪ¤Ë¥ß¥¹¥Æ¥ê¡¼»ÅΩ¤Æ¤Ë¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£Í­Ì¾¤Ê¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӡʵª¸µÁ°¸å¤Ë±É¤¨¤¿¥Ñ¥ë¥Æ¥£¥¢¤Î°äʪ¡£¶â¥á¥Ã¥­¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿½é´ü¤ÎÅÅÃӤǤϤʤ¤¤«¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë¤â¡¢ºÇ¶á¤Ï¡¢ËÜÅö¤Ï¤¿¤À¤Î½ñÎàÊÝ´ÉÍѤÎÔä¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¸«Êý¤¬¶¯¤¤¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö¶â¥á¥Ã¥­¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿½é´ü¤ÎÅÅÃӤǤϤʤ¤¤«¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤È¸À¤¤¤Ä¤Ä¤â¡¢¡ÖËÜÅö¤Ï¤¿¤À¤Î½ñÎàÊÝ´ÉÍѤÎÔä¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¸«Êý¤¬¶¯¤¤¡×¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤á¤Ã¤­Æ¦Ãμ±­£¡¡¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӤȥá¥Ã¥­

KIYOKAWA ¤á¤Ã¤­¶µ¼¼

¥¤¥é¥¯¤Î¼óÅԥХ¯¥À¥Ã¥È¹Ù³°¤Î¥Û¥¤¥ä¥Ã¥È¥é¥Ö¥ä°äÀפȤ¦¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤«¤éȯ·¡¤µ¤ì¤¿¡Ö¤Ä¤Ü·¿¤ÎÅÅÃӡפϡ¢Ìó2000ǯ°Ê¾åÁ°¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¤¤¤ä¡¢¤À¤«¤é¡¢ÅÅÃÓ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¾Úµò¤Ï¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡Ä

¤³¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤òºî¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¸ÅÂå¥Ñ¥ë¥Æ¥£¥¢¿Í¤Ç¡¢ Ƽ¤ÈÅ´¤È²Ì¼Â¡Ê¿Ý¤ä¥Ö¥É¥¦¼ò¡Ë¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤ÈÁÛÁü¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¶â¶ä¤ÎÁõ¾þÉʤΥá¥Ã¥­¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤¤¤ä¡¢¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤Ê¤Ë¤òº¬µò¤Ë¸ÅÂå¥Ñ¥ë¥Æ¥£¥¢¿Í¤È¤ä¤é¤¬Åŵ¤¥á¥Ã¥­¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤ï¤«¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©

¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢1800ǯ¤Ë¥¤¥¿¥ê¥¢¤ÎʪÍý³Ø¼Ô¥Ü¥ë¥¿¤¬È¯ÌÀ¤·¤¿¿ÍÎàºÇ½é¤ÎÅÅÃÓ¤ÈÆ±¤¸¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤Þ¤¿¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÅŵ¤µ»½Ñ¼Ô¥°¥ì¥¤¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ1.5¥Ü¥ë¥È¤ÎÅŵ¤¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£

¤¤¤ä¡¢¤À¤«¤é¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ°ì¸Ä¤«¤é1.5¥Ü¥ë¥È¤ÎÅŵ¤¤òȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¤ë¤Î¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤À¤«¤é¡£

ÅÅÃӤΤ³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¡¡

Sony Marketing (Japan) Inc.

°ìÈÌŪ¤ËÅÅÃӤϡ¢18À¤µª¸åȾ¤ËȯÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¥Ð¥¯¥À¥Ã¥É¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Ñ¥ë¥Æ¥£¥¢°äÀפ«¤é´ñ̯¤ÊÄÛ¤¬È¯¸«¤µ¤ì¡¢¤³¤ì¤ÏÌó2000ǯÁ°¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÇÅÅÃÓ¤ÈÆ±¤¸¤·¤¯¤ß¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ö¥Ð¥¯¥À¥Ã¥ÈÅÅÃÓ¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤ÎÀ¤³¦ºÇ¸Å¤ÎÅÅÃӤϡ¢¥ì¥×¥ê¥«ºîÀ®¤Ë¤è¤êÌ󣵥ܥë¥È¤ÎȯÅŤ¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¼Â¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢2000ǯ¤â¤ÎÀΡ¢²¿¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¡¢¤½¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ï¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¡ÖÌ󣵥ܥë¥È¤ÎȯÅŤ¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¼Â¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤¿¡×¡©¡¡¤Ê¤Ë¤òº¬µò¤Ë¤½¤ó¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡©¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ°ì¸Ä¤Ç¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤ÊÅ۵¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¤¬Ä¾Îó¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¾Úµò¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£

¸¶Íý¤Îȯ¸«

¤ä¤µ¤·¤¤ÅÅÃÓ¤ÎÎò»Ë¡¢ÅÅÃӤʤë¤Û¤É¥¢¥«¥Ç¥ß¡¼¡¢¥¨¥Ê¥¸¡¼¼Ò

À¤³¦ºÇ¸Å¡¦¤Ä¤Ü·¿ÅÅÃÓ ¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃÓ¡×

¥¤¥é¥¯¤Î¼óÅԥХ°¥À¥Ã¥É¹Ù³°¡Ê¤³¤¦¤¬¤¤¡Ë¤Î¥Û¥¤¥ä¥Ã¥È¥é¥Ö¥ä°äÀפ«¤éȯ·¡¤µ¤ì¤¿¡Ö¤Ä¤Ü·¿ÅÅÃӡס£Ìó2,000ǯ°Ê¾åÁ°¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢Åŵ¤¤ò¤ª¤³¤¹¤¿¤á¡ÊÅÅÃӡˤǤϤʤ¯¡¢¶â¶ä¤Î¥á¥Ã¥­¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Å۵¤Ï1.5¡Á2¥Ü¥ë¥È¡¢ÅŲò±Õ¤¬²¿¤Ç¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ï¡¢¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤È¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢¿Ý¤ä¥Ö¥É¥¦¼ò¤Ê¤É¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤ÈÁÛÁü¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

Îò»ËŪ¤Ë°ìÈָŤ¤ÅÅÃӤϤɤó¤ÊÅÅÃӤǤ¹¤«¡©

ÅÅÃÓ¹©¶È²ñ

2000ǯ°Ê¾åÁ°¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿¡Ö¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥ÉÅÅÃӡפȸƤФì¤ëÅÅÃӤǡ¢¥Ð¥°¥À¥Ã¥É(¥¤¥é¥¯¤Î¼óÅÔ)¹Ù³°¤³¤¦¤¬¤¤ ¤Î¥Û¥¤¥ä¥Ã¥È¥é¥Ö¥ä°äÀפ¤¤»¤­¤«¤éȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿¡Ö¤Ä¤Ü¤ÎÅÅÃӡפǤ¹¡£

¤³¤ÎÅÅÃӤϡ¢ÅÅÃÓËÜÍè¤ÎÌò³ä¤ò²Ì¤¿¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¶â¶ä¤ÎÁõ¾þ¤½¤¦¤·¤ç¤¯ ¥á¥Ã¥­ÍѤ˻Ȥï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£